February 2009
How training above your lactate threshold can teach your body to push harder for longer periods of time.
在乳酸门槛之上训练----使您以更高的强度跑得更久
作者 Ed Eyestone(翻译UHENG)
Runners have long feared lactic acid. We've always viewed it as something that tires us out during a race and makes us sore afterward. In high school, I can remember my buddy Jeff propping his legs up after a race and shaking them back and forth, explaining, "I'm draining the lactic acid out of my legs." In college I would endure long massages, believing that it would flush the evil brew out of my muscles, taking my soreness with it. It was like a bad houseguest that would hang around causing trouble until it was physically removed.
长期以来,跑步者一直害怕乳酸。我们总是把乳酸看作是导致我们在赛程中疲惫不堪,在赛后疼痛难熬的东西。我清楚地记得我的中学伙伴,Jeff,在赛后抬着脚前后摆动,并解释道“我正在排除我腿中的乳酸” 的情形。在大学时,我经常做长时间的按摩,相信这样可以把我肌肉中的恶魔赶出去,同时带走我的疼痛。乳酸就像一位不是欢迎的客人,老是赖着不走,还惹麻烦,直至您赶他出门。
In recent years, studies have shown that we've had it all wrong. Most lactic acid is quickly removed after exercise, and it isn't to blame for postrace soreness. (That's the result of microtrauma to the muscles.) It isn't useless either; it contains an important fuel source for high-intensity running. With the right training, we can delay the onset of lactic acid accumulation, and improve our body's capacity to use it for fuel.
近年来的研究表明,我们完全错了。大部分乳酸在运动之后很快即被清除,它跟赛后的疼痛没有任何关系(那是肌肉微创造成的)。乳酸并非一无是处,它含有一种高强度跑步所需的重要燃料。只要正确训练,我们可以延迟乳酸堆积的起始时间,提高我们身体将乳酸用作燃料的能力。
Lactic acid is a byproduct that's created when we burn glycogen without oxygen as we run. The higher the intensity of the run, the more lactic acid we create. In the blood, it breaks down into lactate and hydrogen ions. The lactate gets processed and converted into fuel by the mitochondria, energy factories in our cells. No problem there. It's those hydrogen ions that cause all the trouble.
乳酸是我们在跑步时由于无氧燃烧糖原所产生的副产品。跑步的强度越高,产生的乳酸越多。在血液中,乳酸分解为乳酸根和氢离子。经处理,乳酸被线粒体,细胞的能量工厂,转化为燃料。这里没有任何问题。那些氢离子才是导致所有麻烦的根源。
When hydrogen ions accumulate, it becomes difficult for the muscles to contract. That makes running feel more strenuous, and causes that distinct burning sensation we feel after a challenging workout. Fortunately, we can train our bodies to become better at buffering hydrogen ions so we can run harder and delay the time it takes for that burning to set in. We do that by running beyond our lactate threshold-the intensity at which lactic acid begins to accumulate in our blood. This also trains the body to become better at using lactic acid as a fuel.
当氢离子堆积时,肌肉收缩越来越困难,跑步越来越艰苦,在艰苦的训练之后,有一种难以承受的感觉。幸运的是,我们可以训练我们的身体更好的抵御氢离子,因此我们可以跑得更快,延迟灾难的到来。我们的做法是以超过乳酸门槛的强度奔跑,血液中的乳酸在乳酸门槛开始堆积。这可以训练我们的身体更好低降乳酸用做燃料。
In a 2006 study at the University of Western Australia, researchers found that athletes who worked out at 120 to 140 percent of lactate threshold three days a week for five weeks improved their ability to buffer hydrogen ions by about 25 percent. In athletes who worked at a lower intensity-95 percent of lactate threshold-buffer capacity stayed the same.
在2006年,西澳大利亚大学的研究人员发现,如果以120-140%乳酸门槛的强度训练5周每周3天,运动员可以提高抗氢离子能力25%。运动员以95%乳酸门槛的强度训练,抗氢离子能力保持不变。
By running beyond your lactic-acid threshold with the workouts below, you train your body to more efficiently process it into a fuel, and at the same time, improve your capacity to buffer those hydrogen ions. All of which will help you run faster, longer.
以高于乳酸门槛的强度进行一下训练, 您可以训练您的身体更有效地将乳酸转化为燃料,同时,提高您抗氢离子的能力。所有这一切都可以帮助您跑得更快。
Fast Work, Big Rewards
Try one of these workouts every two or three weeks instead of an interval session. Run the repeats at your 800-meter pace, or at about 90 percent of all-out effort.
每2-3周,选以下训练之一取代一次间歇训练。以800m配速,或90%全力跑, 进行重复跑训练。
Interval Recovery
6 x 300 2 minutes
4 x 400 4 minutes
8 x 200 90 second
间歇跑 恢复
6 x 300 2分钟
4 x 400 4分钟
8 x 200 90秒钟
(译者:摘自Runner's World)