回复：【王府英语】英语词汇、短语、句型、语法及历年高考真题解释

【短语解释】attach importance to：重视，看重
To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. 说实在的，很多人把名和利看得很重。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第5单元•第34页】
Both her parents attach great importance to education. 她的父母都很重视教育。
常见的搭配还有：attach significance/value/weight to (sth)，意义和attach importance to相近。在这里，to是介词，后面接名词词组或动名词。又如：
He was ill seriously last week, but he still attended the basketball competition for the school. It’s because he attaches great value to his school sports record. 上周他病得很重，但他还是为学校参加了篮球比赛，这是因为他把学校的体育记录看得很重。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》
（2010江西25）Parents _______ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply
答案：A
解析：,attach importance (significance, value, weight) to…：认为…有重要性（意义、价值、份量）；pay：付钱；link…to…：.把…和…连在一起；apply…to…：把…应用于…。句意为：父母都十分重视教育。他们会竭尽所能给他们的孩子们那种极其贵重的礼物。

【短语解释】play jokes/tricks on：开玩笑，捉弄
The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. 组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此大趣逗笑，这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第5单元•第34页】
She loves playing jokes on her friends. 她喜欢拿朋友开玩笑。
I thought I heard something – my ears must have been playing tricks on me. 我以为我听到了什么，准是我的耳朵在捉弄我。
也可以是单数形式：play a joke/trick on (sb)。例如：
Fate played a cruel trick on her when she was badly injured in her first international game. 命运跟她开了一个残酷的玩笑 — 她第一次参加国际比赛就严重受伤。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】break up：分手，解散，（关系）破裂
The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. “门基乐队”大约在1970左右解散，但是令人高兴的是，到80年代中期他们再次聚首。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第5单元•第34页】
We’ve broken up. 我们分手了。
He’s just broken up with his girlfriend. 他刚刚跟他的女朋友分手了。
把broken和up用连字符连起来，就可以作名词，意义相同。比如：
Long separations had contributed to their marriage break-up. 长期分居导致他们的婚姻破裂。
The break-up of the pop group came as no surprise. 人们对这支流行乐队的解散一点也不感到意外。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】go作为系动词
go作为系动词，相当于become，后面直接接形容词作表语。
Then things went wrong. 后来情况可就不妙了。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第5单元•第38页】
If anything goes wrong, you can call our emergency hotline free of charge. 如果出现任何状况，你可以拨打我们的免费紧急热线。
go wrong的反义词是go well，例如：
Is everything going well? 一切还好吧？（问候语）
其它经常和go搭配的词组有：
go deaf/blind/grey/bald 耳聋/目瞎/白发/秃顶
go wild/mad/crazy 发疯
go bad/sour/rotten 变质/变酸/腐烂
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】I bet (我肯定，我敢说) / you bet(的确，当然)
I bet（that）：我肯定，我敢说
I bet he’s gone swimming – he loves it. 我敢肯定他去游泳了 – 他喜爱这项运动。
you bet：的确，当然
“Are you going to see the film” “You bet (I am)!” “你去看电影吗？”“当然（我去）！”
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语3必修•教师教学用书》

【词汇辨析】across，through和along
across：表示动作是从物体的表面上进行的，强调横向跨过，从一端到另一端，如过河、过桥、过马路等；
through：则强调在一个上、下、左、右皆有东西的三维空间里移动，含有“in”的意义；
along：则是“沿着、顺着”的意思，与细长的东西如道路或河流平行。
They’re building a new bridge across the river.
The library is just across the road.
They walked through the gate with Uncle Wang.
It took us 2 hours to walk through the forest.
Go along the street and turn left at the first traffic light.
My office is the third floor along the corridor（走廊）on the left.
They decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across（横穿）Canada. 她们决定飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。【人教版教材•英语3必修•第5单元•第34页】
They went through （在空间中穿过）a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. 火车穿过一个种植小麦的省份，她们看到了面积有数千英亩的农场。【人教版教材•英语3必修•第5单元•第34页】
That night as they slept, the train rushed across（横穿）the top of Lake Superior, through（从空间穿过） the great forests and southward towards Toronto. 那天夜里她们睡着了，火车越过苏必利尔湖北部，穿过大森林，朝南向多伦多飞驰着。【人教版教材•英语3必修•第5单元•第34页】
They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across（横穿）the lake. 她们登上了高高的加拿大国家电视塔，俯瞰着下面的湖水。【人教版教材•英语3必修•第5单元•第38页】
That night as the train was speeding along（沿着）the St Lawrence River toward the Gulf of St Lawrence… 那天晚上，火车沿着圣劳伦斯河疾驰，朝圣劳伦斯湾驶去…【人教版教材•英语3必修•第5单元•第38页】
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语3必修•教师教学用书》

【句型解释】not…until…：直到…才…(常与表示瞬间的动词连用)
We don’t leave until this evening. 我们要到晚上才离开。
The noise of the street didn’t stop until midnight. 街上的噪声一直到午夜才停止。
The children won’t come back until it is dark. 孩子们不到天黑不回家。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语3必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】to begin with / to start with：以…开始
However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. 然而，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。【人教版教材•英语3必修•第4单元•第25页】
Knowledge begins with practice. 认识从实践开始。
The first oceans began with little drops of water. 海洋最初是由小水珠组成的。
A thousand li journey starts with the first step. 千里之行，始于足下。
这两个词组都可以单独使用，表示“首先，第一，起初，最初”。在句中做时间状语。例如：
To begin/start with, I couldn’t understand every word. 起初，我一句也没弄明白。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语3必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】thanks to sb/sth：多亏，由于
Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 由于他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。【人教版教材•英语4必修•第2单元•第10页】
I was late thanks to the traffic. 由于交通堵塞我迟到了。
It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded. 多亏了他的忠告我才得以成功。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语4必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】would rather：宁愿，宁可，较喜欢
He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。【人教版教材•英语4必修•第2单元•第10页】
I would rather stay at home than go out. 我宁可呆在家里，也不想出去。
He would rather walk than take a bus. 他宁愿走路，也不愿乘公共汽车。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语4必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】build up：（使）增强，（使）增加，（使）扩大
These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time. 随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。【人教版教材•英语4必修•第2单元•第14页】
Traffic is building up on roads into the city. 来往的车辆在通往市区的路上越聚越多。
The disease can also build up pressure in the inner ear leading to severe earaches. 这种疾病还会使内耳的压力更强，从而导致严重的耳聋。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语4必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】in general：总的来说
In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads!. 总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能help我们避免交往中的困难。【人教版教材•英语4必修•第4单元•第26页】
In general, your plan is good. 你们的方案总的来看是好的。
People in general like her. 大多数人都喜欢她。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语4必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】make sth up：形成、构成或组成某物
These arguments made up the case for the defence. 这些论据是有利于被告的理由。
What are the qualities that make up his character? 形成他的性格的特质是什么？
be made up of：由…构成
a poem made up of five lines 由五行组成的诗【人教版教材•英语6选修•第2单元•第10页】
Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities. 社会是由能力迥异的人组成的。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】addicted：对…上瘾，沉湎于…
…I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes. …我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。【人教版教材•英语6选修•第3单元•第18页】
My children have become (are hopelessly) addicted to television. 我的几个孩子（简直不可救药地）都成了电视迷。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】accustom (to)：使（人）习惯于，养成习惯(to为介词)
She found it necessary to accustom her child to getting up early. 她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的习惯。
Children are quick to accustom themselves to new surroundings. 孩子们很快就会适应新环境。
be/get/become accustomed to + 名词
This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。【人教版教材•英语6选修•第3单元•第18页】
I am accustomed to walking long distances. 我习惯于长距离步行。
You will soon get accustomed to the job. 你将会很快习惯这个工作。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》