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【短语解释】fancy oneself (as)：自以为是…，自命不凡
I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twenty-four distinct vowel sounds. 本来我很自负，因为我能清晰地发出24个不同的元音。【人教版教材•英语8选修•第4单元•第34页】
She fancied herself (as) a famous actress. 她自以为是个名演员。
fancy doing：想不到会做某事。常用于祈使句，表示惊叹。例如：
Fancy meeting so many old friends! 想不到会遇到这么多的老朋友！
And fancy you talking like that! 没想到你竟然说出那种话来！
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语8选修•教师教学用书》
I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twenty-four distinct vowel sounds. 本来我很自负，因为我能清晰地发出24个不同的元音。【人教版教材•英语8选修•第4单元•第34页】
She fancied herself (as) a famous actress. 她自以为是个名演员。
fancy doing：想不到会做某事。常用于祈使句，表示惊叹。例如：
Fancy meeting so many old friends! 想不到会遇到这么多的老朋友！
And fancy you talking like that! 没想到你竟然说出那种话来！
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语8选修•教师教学用书》
【短语解释】in favor of：赞成，支持
Is it in favor of cloning or against it? 它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？【人教版教材•英语8选修•第2单元•第12页】
I have told her about our plan, and she is in favor of it. 我对她讲了我们的计划，她表示赞同。
He refused a job in the company in favor of a university appointment. 他拒绝了一家公司的工作，而接受了一所大学的职位。
【注】以上例句选自【人教版教材•英语8选修•第88页】
Is it in favor of cloning or against it? 它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？【人教版教材•英语8选修•第2单元•第12页】
I have told her about our plan, and she is in favor of it. 我对她讲了我们的计划，她表示赞同。
He refused a job in the company in favor of a university appointment. 他拒绝了一家公司的工作，而接受了一所大学的职位。
【注】以上例句选自【人教版教材•英语8选修•第88页】
【语法解释】过去分词作状语
1）过去分词本身有被动含义，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。例如：
Heated, water changes into steam. （条件）加热后，水变成蒸气。
They fell asleep at once, utterly exhausted. （原因）他们筋疲力尽，很快就入睡了。
Although wounded all over, the brave soldiers continued to fight. （让步）虽然伤痕累累，勇士们仍坚持战斗。
My father was sitting in the armchair, lost in thought of the past. （伴随）我父亲坐在扶手椅上，陷入对往事的回忆中。
2）过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语通常须与主语一致。例如：
The captain rushed into the building, followed by the soldiers. 士兵们跟着上尉冲进大楼。
3）过去分词充当状语时，分词前面也可加once，though，where等连词，此时相当于一个含有被动语态的状语从句。例如：
Though beaten (=Though we were beaten), we were not discouraged. 虽然输了，但我们并没有泄气。
Once tasted (=Once it is tasted), the dish is hard to forget. 一旦尝过一次，这道菜的美味就难以让人忘怀。
Rats should be wiped out where found (=where they are found). 哪里发现老鼠，就在哪里把它们消灭。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语8选修•教师教学用书》
1）过去分词本身有被动含义，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。例如：
Heated, water changes into steam. （条件）加热后，水变成蒸气。
They fell asleep at once, utterly exhausted. （原因）他们筋疲力尽，很快就入睡了。
Although wounded all over, the brave soldiers continued to fight. （让步）虽然伤痕累累，勇士们仍坚持战斗。
My father was sitting in the armchair, lost in thought of the past. （伴随）我父亲坐在扶手椅上，陷入对往事的回忆中。
2）过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语通常须与主语一致。例如：
The captain rushed into the building, followed by the soldiers. 士兵们跟着上尉冲进大楼。
3）过去分词充当状语时，分词前面也可加once，though，where等连词，此时相当于一个含有被动语态的状语从句。例如：
Though beaten (=Though we were beaten), we were not discouraged. 虽然输了，但我们并没有泄气。
Once tasted (=Once it is tasted), the dish is hard to forget. 一旦尝过一次，这道菜的美味就难以让人忘怀。
Rats should be wiped out where found (=where they are found). 哪里发现老鼠，就在哪里把它们消灭。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语8选修•教师教学用书》
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【语法解释】reason后可接why/that引导的定语从句
reason后可接why/that引导的定语从句，口语中why可以省略。例如：
There are various reasons why people write poetry. 人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。【人教版教材•英语6选修•第2单元•第10页】
The reason (why) he died young was his inattention to health. 他早死的原因是他不注意自己身体的健康。
注意比较reason后接定语从句或同位语从句的不同含义。例如：
We are not going for the simple reason that we can’t afford it. 我们不去，原因很简单：我们负担不起。（同位语从句）
You must tell him the reason why/that you won’t accept his offer. 你必须告诉他你为何拒绝他的建议。（定语从句）
Did you hear the reason (that) he gave for being late? 你听到他为迟到而找的理由了吗？（定语从句）
注意句型The reason why … is that …，口语中表语从句也可以用because引导。例如：
The reason why we don’t trust him is that/because he has often lied. 我们不信任他的原因是因为他过去时常说谎。r
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》
reason后可接why/that引导的定语从句，口语中why可以省略。例如：
There are various reasons why people write poetry. 人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。【人教版教材•英语6选修•第2单元•第10页】
The reason (why) he died young was his inattention to health. 他早死的原因是他不注意自己身体的健康。
注意比较reason后接定语从句或同位语从句的不同含义。例如：
We are not going for the simple reason that we can’t afford it. 我们不去，原因很简单：我们负担不起。（同位语从句）
You must tell him the reason why/that you won’t accept his offer. 你必须告诉他你为何拒绝他的建议。（定语从句）
Did you hear the reason (that) he gave for being late? 你听到他为迟到而找的理由了吗？（定语从句）
注意句型The reason why … is that …，口语中表语从句也可以用because引导。例如：
The reason why we don’t trust him is that/because he has often lied. 我们不信任他的原因是因为他过去时常说谎。r
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》
【语法解释】（虚拟语气）错综时间条件句和含蓄条件句
1）错综时间条件句
主句谓语和从句谓语发生的时间不同，分别选用相应的谓语形式。例如：
If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。
2）含蓄条件句
句子不一定含有条件从句，而用介词短语等形式表达与条件句差不多的含义，这时谓语仍用虚拟语气。例如：
Without your help (= Had it not been for your help), I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你的help，我是不会取得这些成绩的。
To hear him talk (= If you could hear him talk), you would think he was Prime Minister. 听他讲话你会以为他是首相。
But for his pension, he would starve. 要不是有养老金他都要饿死了。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》
1）错综时间条件句
主句谓语和从句谓语发生的时间不同，分别选用相应的谓语形式。例如：
If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。
2）含蓄条件句
句子不一定含有条件从句，而用介词短语等形式表达与条件句差不多的含义，这时谓语仍用虚拟语气。例如：
Without your help (= Had it not been for your help), I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你的help，我是不会取得这些成绩的。
To hear him talk (= If you could hear him talk), you would think he was Prime Minister. 听他讲话你会以为他是首相。
But for his pension, he would starve. 要不是有养老金他都要饿死了。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》
【归类记忆】表示因果关系的词和短语
because：从属连词，接从句，意思是“因为”，表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点。
as和since：从属连词，接从句，意思是“因为”，表示理由是已知的，而理由以外才是叙述的重点。
for：并列连词，不用于句首，置于第一分句之后，补充说明理由；第一分句表示推测时，用for说明推测的依据。
because of：介词短语，意思是“因为”，较口语化。
owing to：介词短语，意思是“因为”，较正式。
thanks to：介词短语，意思是“因为”、“多亏了”。
as a result of：介词短语，意思是“因为”。
as a result：副词短语，意思是“因此”。
therefore：副词，意思是“因此”。
so：并列连词，意思是“因此”。
with the result that：接从句，意思是“因此”。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》
because：从属连词，接从句，意思是“因为”，表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点。
as和since：从属连词，接从句，意思是“因为”，表示理由是已知的，而理由以外才是叙述的重点。
for：并列连词，不用于句首，置于第一分句之后，补充说明理由；第一分句表示推测时，用for说明推测的依据。
because of：介词短语，意思是“因为”，较口语化。
owing to：介词短语，意思是“因为”，较正式。
thanks to：介词短语，意思是“因为”、“多亏了”。
as a result of：介词短语，意思是“因为”。
as a result：副词短语，意思是“因此”。
therefore：副词，意思是“因此”。
so：并列连词，意思是“因此”。
with the result that：接从句，意思是“因此”。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》
【短语解释】betray oneself：无意中露出本性，背叛
But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths. 但是他们一张嘴就会露出马脚（暴露自己的身份）。【人教版教材•英语8选修•第4单元•第29页】
Quite a lot of people will betray themselves when tempted by money. 相当多的人面对金钱的诱惑便原形毕露。
He was betrayed by his own enthusiasm. 他因过于热情而露出了马脚。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语8选修•教师教学用书》
But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths. 但是他们一张嘴就会露出马脚（暴露自己的身份）。【人教版教材•英语8选修•第4单元•第29页】
Quite a lot of people will betray themselves when tempted by money. 相当多的人面对金钱的诱惑便原形毕露。
He was betrayed by his own enthusiasm. 他因过于热情而露出了马脚。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语8选修•教师教学用书》
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【短语解释】build up：逐渐增加
Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. 温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。【人教版教材•英语6选修•第4单元•第27页】
After 4 o’clock, the traffic begins to build up. 四点钟后，交通开始拥挤起来。
She built the business up from nothing. 她白手起家，生意日渐兴隆。
You need to build up your strength. 你需要养精畜锐。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》
Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. 温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。【人教版教材•英语6选修•第4单元•第27页】
After 4 o’clock, the traffic begins to build up. 四点钟后，交通开始拥挤起来。
She built the business up from nothing. 她白手起家，生意日渐兴隆。
You need to build up your strength. 你需要养精畜锐。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》
