回复：【王府英语】英语词汇、短语、句型、语法及历年高考真题解释

【词汇解释】introduce / bring in：引进，引入
Not only did Fortune introduce over 120 species of plants to Western gardens but he also shipped 20,000 tea plants from Shanghai to India, where a successful tea industry was established. 福琼不仅把120余种植物引进入西方的园林，而且还用船将两万株茶树从上海运到印度，印度的制茶工业就成功地发展起来了。【人教版教材•英语9选修•第4单元•第33页】
Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South America. 土豆是从南美引入欧洲的。
More advanced techniques have been introduced for production since then. 从那以后许多的先进技术被引进到生产之中。
The government intended to bring in a new law to reduce pollution. 政府想引入一项新的法律来减少污染。
The influence of Europe has brought in many new fashions. 欧洲的影响带来了许多新的时尚。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语9选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】establish/start/start up/open/set up：建立，使开业
As soon as the country became independent, it established its own national bank. 这个国家刚刚独立就建立了自己的国家银行。
Most of the money is to be used to establish local industries. 许多钱用来建立地方工业。
The family arrived here in 1922 and started up a chain of restaurants. 1992年这家人来到这里，开了连锁饭店。
They intend to use the money to start their own business. 他们想用这笔钱开创自己的事业。
A new shopping mall has been opened on the east side of town. 在城东一家新的大型购物中心已经开业。
Fifteen years ago Sally and her husband opened a small hotel on the edge of town. 15年前，萨利和她的丈夫在城边开了一家小旅馆。
Taylor is now in the process of setting up a new marketing company called BMT. 泰勒正忙着建立一个新的名叫BMT的贸易公司。
Some of the people in our street are setting up a neighbourhood crime prevention committee. 我们街道的一些人正在建立一个社区预防犯罪的委员会。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语9选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】appeal to：吸引，迎合；恳请，呼吁；上诉，申诉
Some advertisements appeal to people’s desire to save money. Others are more likely to be noticed if they are funny. 一些广告迎合人们想省钱的愿望，另外一些广告则因为有趣而受人注目。【人教版教材•英语9选修•第5单元•第33页】
Creative work, such as advertisement design, appeals to me. 创造性的工作，比如广告设计很吸引我。
This exercise appeals strongly to the imagination. 这个练习可以有力地激发想象力。
Farmers have appealed to the government for help. 农场主恳求政府帮助。
The police have appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them. 警方呼吁知情者举报。
Appealing to the referee does not often result in a decision being changed. 向裁判提出申诉往往并不能改变判罚。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语9选修•教师教学用书》和《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）

【短语解释】be likely to：很可能，有希望
Some advertisements appeal to people’s desire to save money. Others are more likely to be noticed if they are funny. 一些广告迎合人们想省钱的愿望，另外一些广告则因为有趣而受人注目。【人教版教材•英语9选修•第5单元•第43页】
The train is likely to be late. 这趟火车很可能晚点。
She is likely to become the first woman president. 她有可能成为第一位女总统。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语9选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】over time：随着时间的推移
On the other hand, being constantly exposed to advertisements can help to change our opinions over time. 另一方面，经常处于广告包围中，我们的想法有可能随着时间的流逝而发生变化。【人教版教材•英语9选修•第5单元•第43页】
The pain of this failure will disappear over time. 随着时间的推移，失败的伤痛也会逐渐消失。
At first his parents didn’t like his girlfriend, but their opinion has been changed over time. 起初他的父母不喜欢他的女朋友，但随着时间的流逝他们的看法渐渐发生了变化。
区别overtime：overtime是副词，意思是“规定时间之外地，超时地”。如：
He’s been working overtime recently. 他最近老是加班。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语9选修•教师教学用书》

【句型解释】get sth done/get sb/sth to do/get doing/get done
get sth done：使…（被…）
It is shocking that so little has been done in the past for these children without parents and we believe it is important to get something done to help them as quickly as possible. 令人震惊的是，以前基本上没有为这些失去父母的孩子提供过任何help。我们认为重要的是尽快采取行动来帮他们。【人教版教材•英语9选修•第5单元•第46页】
When are you going to get your hair cut? 你打算什么时候去理发？
I got my foot broken while playing soccer. 我在踢足球时弄伤了脚。
get sb/sth to do：使…做…
You’ll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。
get sb/sth doing：使…继续做…
Let me try. I’ll get the car moving. 让我试试。我会使车子继续前进的。
get dong：使继续做…
Get going, please. （不要停下）请接着往前走。
get done：被
Did you get invited to the party? 你被邀请参加聚会了吗？
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语9选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】decent：正派的，体面的，得体的
1）指人时的意思是“诚实的，正派的，值得尊敬的，举止端庄的”，口语中还可表示“和蔼可亲的，乐于助人的”。如：
Most advertisers are decent and honest, and they are as interested as everyone else in making sure ads are ethical. 多数广告商都是正派、诚实的，他们和其他人一样也致力于确保广告合乎道德规范。【人教版教材•英语9选修•第5单元•第49页】
They are all decent, hard-working citizens. 他们都是诚实勤劳的好公民。
It is very decent of you to meet me at the airport. 你到机场来接我，实在是太客气了。
2）指物时的意思是“合宜的，过得去的，尚可以的”。如：
Does he have a decent salary? 他的薪水还可以吧？
You can get quite a decent meal in that restaurant. 在那家餐厅，你可以吃到很不错的食物。
He is always dressed in decent clothes. 他总是穿着体面的衣服。
2）指行为时的意思是“体面的，得体的，合乎道德规范的”。如：
It is a decent film, without crime or violence. 那是一部合乎道德规范的电影，既没有犯罪也没有暴力镜头。
She was impressed by his decent behaviour. 他得体的举止行为给她留下了深刻的印象。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语9选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】make sure：确保，确定，证实（后面一般接从句）
Most advertisers are decent and honest, and they are as interested as everyone else in making sure ads are ethical. 多数广告商都是正派、诚实的，他们和其他人一样也致力于确保广告合乎道德规范。【人教版教材•英语9选修•第5单元•第49页】
He looked back to make sure no one was following. 他回头看了看，以证实没有人跟踪。
I did it to make sure you noticed. 我这么做是为了确保你注意到了。
Ask for a receipt and make sure you get it. 要一张收据，而且一定要确保你拿到收据。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语9选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】when it comes to…：谈到，涉及到（to为介词）
When it comes to advertising, consumers need to be educated about techniques used by advertisers so they can judge the claims for themselves and not blindly accept everything that is said in advertisements. 涉及广告时，消费者需要了解广告商所使用的伎俩，这样他们才能对各种主张做出自己的判断，而不致盲目地接受广告中所说的一切。【人教版教材•英语9选修•第5单元•第49页】
John is not good at sports, but when it comes to physics, he is the best in the class. 约翰的体育不行，但说到物理，他可是全班最优秀的。
The school has very good teachers, but when it comes to buildings, the school looks poor. 这个学校拥有非常优秀的教师，但说到建筑，这个学校看上去很穷。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语9选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】claim：声称，主张
When it comes to advertising, consumers need to be educated about techniques used by advertisers so they can judge the claims for themselves and not blindly accept everything that is said in advertisements. 涉及广告时，消费者需要了解广告商所使用的伎俩，这样他们才能对各种主张做出自己的判断，而不致盲目地接受广告中所说的一切。【人教版教材•英语9选修•第5单元•第49页】
His claim to know the answer was not believed. 他声称自己知道答案，但没有人想信他的话。
Nobody believed his claim to be 100 years old. 他声称自己有100岁，但没有人想信。
Many women believed the advertiser’s claim to know the secret of keeping young. 登广告的人声称掌握了保持年轻的秘诀，有许多妇女想信了广告商的话。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语9选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】circumstance：环境，情况，形势（常用复数）
Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive. 我们的境况让人绝望，谁也不清楚会不会活着回去。【人教版教材•英语10选修•第1单元•第2页】
The circumstances of this case are unusual. 这件案子的情况很不寻常。
Due to certain circumstances beyond our control, we have been forced to close the exhibition for the next two days. 由于某些不可控因素，我们不得不在未来两天关闭展览会。
in/under no circumstances：决不，无论如何也不
Under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 中国决不首先使用核武器。
She won’t give up in any circumstances. 在这种情况下她都不会屈服。
in/under the circumstances：在这种情况下，因为这种情况
It’s amazing that they did so well under the circumstances. 他们在这种情况下表现得如此出色，实在令人惊叹。
In exceptional circumstances students may take exams at other times.如遇特殊情况，学生可在其他时段考试。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语10选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】形容词作伴随状语，说明状态，而不是方式。
Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive. 我们的境况让人绝望，谁也不清楚会不会活着回去。【人教版教材•英语10选修•第1单元•第2页】（alive作伴随状语）
As soon as the king died, the queen was buried alive. 皇帝一死，皇后就被活埋。（alive作伴随状语）
Make sure that he is captured alive. 一定要活捉他。（alive作伴随状语）
Suddenly he fell on the ground dead. 突然，他倒地而死。（dead作伴随状语）
He went to bed, cold and hungry. 他上床睡觉时觉得又冷又饿。（cold and hungry作伴随状语）
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语10选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】stick(vt)(vi)：被固定，卡住，塞住或阻住
On January 18th, 1915 the Endurance became stuck in pack ice (which can be solid or broken into huge floating pieces of ice) as we approached Antarctica. 1915年1月18日，正当我们接近南极洲之时，“持久号”被海上的浮冰（有的坚硬无比，有的破裂成若干块巨大的冰块漂浮在水上）卡住了。【人教版教材•英语10选修•第1单元•第3页】
The bus was stuck in the mud. 公共汽车陷在泥里动不了了。
The key stuck in the lock. 钥匙卡在锁里拔不出来。
He got stuck in traffic for an hour and missed the train. 他被堵在路上一个小时，误了火车。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语10选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】stand：静置，沉淀
If this stands for a a period of time its salt disappears and it becomes fresh water suitable for drinking, 如果冰块溶化了一段时间，水里面的盐分就会消失，之后变成适于饮用的淡水。【人教版教材•英语10选修•第1单元•第9页】
Leave the water to stand overnight. 让水沉淀一晚。
Stand the mixture for 20 minutes and see what happens. 将混合溶液静置20分钟，看看会发生什么变化。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语10选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】remains：剩余物，遗迹，遗物，残骸（复数名词）
We could also eat the remains when the fire died down. 火熄灭后我们也可以吃剩下的东西。【人教版教材•英语10选修•第1单元•第9页】
the remains of a meal 残羹剩饭
the remains of an army 残兵败将
His remains are buried in the churchyard. 他的尸体葬在教堂的墓地里。
【注】以上例句摘自《人教版教材•英语10选修•教师教学用书》