回复：【王府英语】英语词汇、短语、句型、语法及历年高考真题解释

【语法解释】定冠词the的用法（1/9）
一）地名前the的用法
大多数地名前不用冠词，但是当地名中出现下列名词时一般要用the，如bay， canal，channel，gulf，kingdom，ocean，republic，river，sea，strait，union等。而在地图上the经常被省略。在以下情况里一般要用the：
①江河、海洋、运河。如:
the Changjiang River，the River Nile，the Mississippi River，the Thames
the South China Sea，the Pacific (Ocean) ，the Mediterranean (Sea)
the Grand Canal，the Suez Canal，the Panama Canal
②湖泊。中国湖泊前一般要加the，外国湖泊有的加the，有的不用the。如：
the West Lake，the Dongting Hu
the Lake of Geneva
Lake Michigan，Lake Geneva，Lake Taupo
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】定冠词the的用法（2/9）
③山脉、群岛。如：
the Himalayas，the Western Hills, the Alps, the Rockies
the Penghu Islands，the British Isles，the Bahamas
单个山峰、海岛一般不用the。如：
Mount Tai，Mount Blanc，Mitre Peak，Taiwan Island，Christmas Island
④海湾、海峡、半岛、沙漠。如：
the Bay of Bengal，the Persian Gulf
the English Channel
the Leizhou Peninsula
the Sahara Desert
⑤某些地名前。如：
the Americas （北美、中美、南美）
the Midlands （美国中部诸州）
the Netherlands （荷兰）
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】定冠词the的用法（3/9）
二）the用于表示分类
①用“the+单数名词”表示一类事物。如：
The compass was first invented in China.
It is easier for the teacher than for the student.
The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of mammals.
注意：还可以用“零冠词+复数名词”或“a/an+单数名词”来表示类别。如：
Doctors and nurses are badly needed in this area.
Teachers generally like diligent students.
A tractor is a powerful motor vehicle used in agriculture.
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】定冠词the的用法（4/9）
②用“the+表示国籍的形容词”表示整个群体。如：
The Welsh are well known for their singing.
The English often drink beer in pubs.
③用“the+复数名词”表示整个群体。如：
The Price sisters have opened a small shop for night-shift workers.
The first Europeans brought with them diseases that the Maori had no immunity to.
④用“the+**名词或复数名词”表示特指的群体。如：
This new increase in fares won’t please the public.
Getting the unions and the bosses to agree isn’t easy.
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】定冠词the的用法（5/9）
⑤用“the+形容词或分词”表示整个类别或概念。如：
The rich have a responsibility to do what they can to help the poor.
The medical workers have tried everything to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.
⑥用“the+姓氏的复数形式”表示这一家人。如：
The Wilsons often dine with us.
We are expecting the Whites to dinner.
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】定冠词the的用法（6/9）
三）the用于特指
①表示上文提到过的人或物。如：
He ordered a book some time ago. The book has now arrived.
This room is used for a laboratory. Though small, the laboratory is well equipped with modern instruments.
②用在有修饰语的名词前，表示特定的人或物。如：
Uncle James, would you please tell us the story of Franklin?
Here is the student I told you about.
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】定冠词the的用法（7/9）
③用在形容词最高级和比较级前，其修饰的名词一般都带有后置修饰语。如：
This is the most interesting film I’ve ever seen.
Tom seems to be as tall as Dick；actually, Tom is the taller of the two.
Room 201 is the largest on the first floor.
Could you tell me the shortest way to the railway station?
④指谈话双方都知道的特定的人或物。如：
Be careful when crossing the street.
How’s the cough today?
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】定冠词the的用法（9/9）
④用于逢十的复数名词前，表示世纪的几十年代或人的大致年龄。如：
in the 1950s
I think the man is somewhere in the thirties.
⑤用在计量单位之前，表示“每，每一”。如：
There are 16 ounces to the pound.
John is paid by the hour.
⑥用在序数词之前。如：
He is always the first to come and the last to go.
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】consist of=be made up of：由…组成，由…构成
The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 英国由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成。
The senior management team consists of John, Betty and Ken. 这个高级管理队伍有约翰、贝蒂和肯组成。
The US government is made up of two legislative assemblies – Congress and the Senate. 美国政府由两个立法议会 – 众议院和参议院组成。
The jury was mostly made up of women. 这个陪审团大部分成员都是妇女。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】wipe out：全部消除，消灭
Some tribes were wiped out as stronger tribes fought to take over the land. 较强的部落通过战争消灭了一些部路，并掠夺了他们的土地。【人教版教材•英语11选修•第1单元•第3页】
The entire population was wiped out by a terrible disease. 一场可怕的疾病夺走了所有人的生命。
The high price of ivory may soon wipe out elephants completely. 象牙的高价会让大象很快就彻底消失的。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】take over：接管，接掌；接手，接任
Some tribes were wiped out as stronger tribes fought to take over the land. 较强的部落通过战争消灭了一些部路，并掠夺了他们的土地。【人教版教材•英语11选修•第1单元•第3页】
British Airways wants to take over a smaller rival airline. 英国航空公司想接管一家规模较小的竞争对手。
One of his fears is that the media will completely take over his political life. 他的恐惧之一是怕媒体完全控制他的政治生命。
I’m feeling too tired to drive any more；will you take over? 我觉得非常疲倦，不能再开车了，你能来开吗？
Maria’s been my partner in this business since I took over from my father. 自从我接受父亲的生意以来，玛丽亚就一直是我的搭档。
可以表示类似意思的词还有replace，take sb’s place，succeed等。如：
We’re looking for someone to replace our managing director. 我们在找人代替主管。
There’s no one suitable to take Simon’s place when he leaves. 西蒙离开后，没有合适的人代替他。
George VI died in 1952, leaving his elder daughter to succeed him. 乔治六世死于1952年，他的长女继承了王位。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【词语解释】sceptical/skeptical (about/of)：怀疑的，不相信的
The officer had been sceptical about their story, but as he had no proof that the couple’s story was false, he had simply written a report and saved it in the police computer. 这个警官从一开始就怀疑他们所说的情况，可是他没有证据表明这两人说的是假话，他只能将情况写成报告存在警方的电脑档案里。【人教版教材•英语11选修•第2单元•第13页】
Everyone says our team will win, but I’m skeptical about it. 尽管人人都说我们队会赢，但我还是怀疑。
The more we read about the causes of that fire, the more skeptical we became. 我们对有关导致火灾原因的材料看得越多，我们就越怀疑。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【词语解释】sentence：宣判，判决，判刑
Leonard’s girlfriend was given a sentence between a minimum of three years and a maximum of seven for being in the taxi during the second murder and not reporting it to the police. 伦纳德的女朋友由于在第二桩谋杀案发生时也在出租车里，并且未向警方报告，被判处最低三年最高七年的监禁。【人教版教材•英语11选修•第2单元•第13页】
After some thoughts, the judge gave him a sentence of 10 years. 思考之后，法官判了他10年的徒刑。
The sentence was two years in prison and a fine of $10,000. 判刑为两年监禁加上一万美元罚款。
The death sentence has been abolished in the country and so the murderer gets a life sentence. 因该国已废除死刑，所以给杀人犯判了终身监禁。
give sb a sentence of：法官对某人的判刑
pass/pronounce sentence on sb：（法官）宣布对某人的判决
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【归类记忆】表达“道、路”的词汇
城市里的路用以下词语表示：alley（小巷，胡同），road，street，back street（后街，偏僻的街道），high street（大街），main street（大街），sidewalk/pavement（人行道）
乡间的路用以下词语表示：lane（小路，小巷），track（小道，小径），path/footpath/trail（乡间的小径）
连接城市间的道路用：highway（公路），freeway/expressway/motorway（高速公路）
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【词语解释】sample：样品，标本，实例
Police collected samples of blood that had sprayed over the front and back seats and after laboratory tests, they found the blood belonged to three different people. 警方采集了溅在汽车前后座位上的血样，经过实验室化验之后确定是三个人的血。【人教版教材•英语11选修•第2单元•第12页】
56% of the women in the sample said that they supported the government’s policies. 在抽样的人中有56%的妇女说她们支持政府的政策。
Here are some sample questions from last year’s exam. 这是去年考试中的一些样题。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》