孟炜哲吧 关注：24贴子：2,127
之前动态说到学日语，分享一下我学过来的几个经验吧。
前提的前提是记住“实用永远是最好的学习方式”，实用是唯一学习目的，脱离实用的学习是低效率的。
再前提是你已经有了大量动画阅历，五十音已经能认个七七八八，新番没字幕能听懂大半。
1，网上基础教材（标准日本语、大家的日语等）全套看一遍（电子书就行），确保书中知识点全看懂，实际花不了你太多时间，一两天差不多了，因为初级书本里面的基本你全都懂。（这里主要学基本的语法和句子构成，は为什么有时是ha有时是wa等等）
2，去玩你想玩或者想看，但是没汉化的游戏或者漫画吧，一有不懂的词汇马上查网络词典weblio等，确保搞懂每句话。（游戏和漫画基本都是最简单一档的，同时结合剧情语境，更容易记住）一开始会很慢很折磨，但是之后速度会提上去。（很推荐gal，语音+文本互相帮助理解，文本也简单，而且很多汉化水平不一定有你高）
3，玩了十作以上，就基本可以做到不看词典流畅阅读了。之后可以做一些文章采访或者小说的翻译练练手（翻译其实一半考验日语水平另一半考验中文水平）。另外也可以通过日剧日本综艺等提高听力能力，毕竟二次元除了少量文艺范脚本家，整体还是太基础了，去考试的话可能还不太够。之后就可以刷JLPT真题看看，考个试，我觉得到了这个程度N1是没啥问题的（全是选择题+没有写作，不考表达）。
做到这步恭喜你日语入门了，到了这个程度你仍然很可能看不懂大多数小说或者推特，同时中国国内的情况很难练口语。之后随缘慢慢提升吧。
前提的前提是记住“实用永远是最好的学习方式”，实用是唯一学习目的，脱离实用的学习是低效率的。
再前提是你已经有了大量动画阅历，五十音已经能认个七七八八，新番没字幕能听懂大半。
1，网上基础教材（标准日本语、大家的日语等）全套看一遍（电子书就行），确保书中知识点全看懂，实际花不了你太多时间，一两天差不多了，因为初级书本里面的基本你全都懂。（这里主要学基本的语法和句子构成，は为什么有时是ha有时是wa等等）
2，去玩你想玩或者想看，但是没汉化的游戏或者漫画吧，一有不懂的词汇马上查网络词典weblio等，确保搞懂每句话。（游戏和漫画基本都是最简单一档的，同时结合剧情语境，更容易记住）一开始会很慢很折磨，但是之后速度会提上去。（很推荐gal，语音+文本互相帮助理解，文本也简单，而且很多汉化水平不一定有你高）
3，玩了十作以上，就基本可以做到不看词典流畅阅读了。之后可以做一些文章采访或者小说的翻译练练手（翻译其实一半考验日语水平另一半考验中文水平）。另外也可以通过日剧日本综艺等提高听力能力，毕竟二次元除了少量文艺范脚本家，整体还是太基础了，去考试的话可能还不太够。之后就可以刷JLPT真题看看，考个试，我觉得到了这个程度N1是没啥问题的（全是选择题+没有写作，不考表达）。
做到这步恭喜你日语入门了，到了这个程度你仍然很可能看不懂大多数小说或者推特，同时中国国内的情况很难练口语。之后随缘慢慢提升吧。
Having been asked by countless (at least 10) people over the past 8+ years (at time of writing) “What’s the best way to learn Japanese” and myself having boasted learning the language to a reasonable/useable degree within one year, I’ve either briefly explained the tools I used or sat on writing a guide as to how I went about this.
I think that putting together this post I’ll finally be able to share what I believe to be a practical, easy (not in terms of effort but in terms of the steps being laid out for you) guide on how I recommend tackling learning the language, from the perspective of a common anime/game fan and not someone strong at languages or academics.
Disclaimer
I’d like to heavily disclaim that this is simply how I learnt, and neither a formal, nor proper, nor the best way to learn Japanese. The way I tackle a lot of things is rather than finding an academic way to go about it, I find something that fits my way of learning and simply practice like hell.
Learning the way I outline here will likely leave holes in your knowledge and may be an unsteady foundation for further academic study, however if you are like I was and simply want to play games, read manga, read SNS and communicate with people online, you should develop more than enough skills (particularly in reading) to further improve and be able to do such things.
Background
I spent the last year of my University life learning Japanese on the side in my free time via the steps laid out in this article. Having failed to find a suitable course during my University time I took it upon myself to self-teach and alongside spending proper time on my studies, dissertation and courseworks and managed to strike a good balance.
I think that putting together this post I’ll finally be able to share what I believe to be a practical, easy (not in terms of effort but in terms of the steps being laid out for you) guide on how I recommend tackling learning the language, from the perspective of a common anime/game fan and not someone strong at languages or academics.
Disclaimer
I’d like to heavily disclaim that this is simply how I learnt, and neither a formal, nor proper, nor the best way to learn Japanese. The way I tackle a lot of things is rather than finding an academic way to go about it, I find something that fits my way of learning and simply practice like hell.
Learning the way I outline here will likely leave holes in your knowledge and may be an unsteady foundation for further academic study, however if you are like I was and simply want to play games, read manga, read SNS and communicate with people online, you should develop more than enough skills (particularly in reading) to further improve and be able to do such things.
Background
I spent the last year of my University life learning Japanese on the side in my free time via the steps laid out in this article. Having failed to find a suitable course during my University time I took it upon myself to self-teach and alongside spending proper time on my studies, dissertation and courseworks and managed to strike a good balance.
Finishing University, I took a full-time job in Japan (hired remotely) and moved there wide-eyed and fresh out of university, this being my first time visiting the country. The language skills I self-taught myself were enough to give me a huge head start and ability to read signs, make my way around, understand a mix of English and Japanese at work and to pay bills/ rent my own apartment.
I of course developed my Japanese a lot further while living there with practice speaking, a lot more reading and immersion and many more opportunities, however I believe this guide should give you an idea of how solid a foundation you can achieve in one year.
This concludes the preamble and what follows will be a very straight-to the point and strict guide.
“Notes” will be included as very bad advice on corners to cut, don’t you love it! We’re all lazy, it’s about cutting the right corners in order to do it rather than never starting doing it properly or never finishing.
Contents
Preparation / Tools
Alphabets
Kanji (oh boy…)
Grammar
Vocabulary
Anki
I know you already have Anki installed on your phone from the last time you gave up on learning Japanese. Delete all your decks or make a new account. If you don’t have it, download it. If you’re on iOS, use the web version until you’re happy to pay for it
I of course developed my Japanese a lot further while living there with practice speaking, a lot more reading and immersion and many more opportunities, however I believe this guide should give you an idea of how solid a foundation you can achieve in one year.
This concludes the preamble and what follows will be a very straight-to the point and strict guide.
“Notes” will be included as very bad advice on corners to cut, don’t you love it! We’re all lazy, it’s about cutting the right corners in order to do it rather than never starting doing it properly or never finishing.
Contents
Preparation / Tools
Alphabets
Kanji (oh boy…)
Grammar
Vocabulary
Anki
I know you already have Anki installed on your phone from the last time you gave up on learning Japanese. Delete all your decks or make a new account. If you don’t have it, download it. If you’re on iOS, use the web version until you’re happy to pay for it
Anki Website
Anki is a flashcard app where you can add decks of flash cards to repeat daily. You can either upload your own decks or download others people have made online or through Anki’s library. Decks are made for specific purposes: vocabulary, kanji, medical terms, golf terms, you name it.
The short of how Anki works is:
You set how many new cards to learn a day in a deck
Each day, Anki gives you a mix of up to X new cards (based on your settings) to learn, and staggered old cards from past days.
You honestly answer whether the card was good, easy, hard or you don’t know it. Be honest! Don’t cheat yourself! The harder you say it is, the sooner it will return (i.e. tomorrow). If you do not know it, you are shown the answer and will repeat it today, this session until you know it.
Download Anki and make an account, you’re about to get very intimate with Anki over the next year… 🙂
Alphabets
First and foremost, you need to learn Hiragana and Katakana.
There’s no short or pretty way to do this, but you should find your own way to do this online. It is a fairly short process and simply a matter of memorizing letters and shapes and there are at least 1million apps, services, decks, websites, guides and such to go about this. (You can also just find a deck for each on the Anki app I mentioned above)
While this may take some time (a week or three), if you stick to it you can nail this very quickly and do not need to overthink it.
Note: Katakana is hard! One of the reasons may be that a lot of letters look very similar, if your Katakana is poor or you miss a few or are slow at reading it, just move on! You’ll find out that even Japanese people have trouble reading long strings of Katakana, you’ll be just like them!
Anki is a flashcard app where you can add decks of flash cards to repeat daily. You can either upload your own decks or download others people have made online or through Anki’s library. Decks are made for specific purposes: vocabulary, kanji, medical terms, golf terms, you name it.
The short of how Anki works is:
You set how many new cards to learn a day in a deck
Each day, Anki gives you a mix of up to X new cards (based on your settings) to learn, and staggered old cards from past days.
You honestly answer whether the card was good, easy, hard or you don’t know it. Be honest! Don’t cheat yourself! The harder you say it is, the sooner it will return (i.e. tomorrow). If you do not know it, you are shown the answer and will repeat it today, this session until you know it.
Download Anki and make an account, you’re about to get very intimate with Anki over the next year… 🙂
Alphabets
First and foremost, you need to learn Hiragana and Katakana.
There’s no short or pretty way to do this, but you should find your own way to do this online. It is a fairly short process and simply a matter of memorizing letters and shapes and there are at least 1million apps, services, decks, websites, guides and such to go about this. (You can also just find a deck for each on the Anki app I mentioned above)
While this may take some time (a week or three), if you stick to it you can nail this very quickly and do not need to overthink it.
Note: Katakana is hard! One of the reasons may be that a lot of letters look very similar, if your Katakana is poor or you miss a few or are slow at reading it, just move on! You’ll find out that even Japanese people have trouble reading long strings of Katakana, you’ll be just like them!
Kanji
Done with Hiragana & Katakana? Easy right? hah… This is where it gets painful.
I’ll give you the short of it, there’s no way to avoid learning Kanji, there’s no glorious, no smart or easier process, you just have to learn a LOT of Kanji. The main advice I have to you is to make this to only take on the pain of grinding away at Kanji and make everything else around ‘what do I learn, how?” go away. You only need to stick to it and think nothing else.
For Kanji I recommend: Kanjidamage
Read Kanjidamage’s intro/how to use for an explanation which I won’t repeat here. However the critical point is: Kanjidamage is structured in a ‘building upon each kanji/radical’ order and therefore not in a useful kanji order, you will be missing simple Kanji if you give up before you have completed it. This is critical and shows that you must complete the whole Kanjidamage deck within the year, partial completion is useless.
Note: Do not learn stroke order. Yes this is bad advice, we will get to it later in the ‘Writing’ section. What’s that? You didn’t see the writing section in the glossary? Hahaha… You’re a quick learner…
Question: Do I learn kunyomi or onyomi, I’m confused!
Answer: Try your best to learn both, learn them as a pair. Don’t treat them as separate. It’s not always possible, but try both even at a vague level, memorize both mnemonics! It’s ok to forget a bunch! Do your best and be honest with Anki when you forget!
How many new cards
Aim for 5–10 new cards per day in your Kanjidamage deck. Start with 5 and whenever you are going strong feel free to crank this up a touch.
Never do more than 10 new cards per day. I mean it. Repeat after me. I will never study more than 10 new kanjidamage cards per day. No matter how confident you are or how much free time you have, doing more than 10 cards in a day will come back to bite you and it will bite you HARD down the line, days later when you get mixed in with hard cards you can’t nail in one day.
Done with Hiragana & Katakana? Easy right? hah… This is where it gets painful.
I’ll give you the short of it, there’s no way to avoid learning Kanji, there’s no glorious, no smart or easier process, you just have to learn a LOT of Kanji. The main advice I have to you is to make this to only take on the pain of grinding away at Kanji and make everything else around ‘what do I learn, how?” go away. You only need to stick to it and think nothing else.
For Kanji I recommend: Kanjidamage
Read Kanjidamage’s intro/how to use for an explanation which I won’t repeat here. However the critical point is: Kanjidamage is structured in a ‘building upon each kanji/radical’ order and therefore not in a useful kanji order, you will be missing simple Kanji if you give up before you have completed it. This is critical and shows that you must complete the whole Kanjidamage deck within the year, partial completion is useless.
Note: Do not learn stroke order. Yes this is bad advice, we will get to it later in the ‘Writing’ section. What’s that? You didn’t see the writing section in the glossary? Hahaha… You’re a quick learner…
Question: Do I learn kunyomi or onyomi, I’m confused!
Answer: Try your best to learn both, learn them as a pair. Don’t treat them as separate. It’s not always possible, but try both even at a vague level, memorize both mnemonics! It’s ok to forget a bunch! Do your best and be honest with Anki when you forget!
How many new cards
Aim for 5–10 new cards per day in your Kanjidamage deck. Start with 5 and whenever you are going strong feel free to crank this up a touch.
Never do more than 10 new cards per day. I mean it. Repeat after me. I will never study more than 10 new kanjidamage cards per day. No matter how confident you are or how much free time you have, doing more than 10 cards in a day will come back to bite you and it will bite you HARD down the line, days later when you get mixed in with hard cards you can’t nail in one day.
Set your maximum reps to 100 per day. You shouldn’t revise more than 100 Kanjidamage cards per day. If you reach the 100 reps mark, set your new cards to 0 immediately until you are clear.
No mater come rain, come shine, come 20 reps, come 100 reps. DO YOUR ANKI REPS EVERY DAY. Even if it means laying in bed for 30 mins before sleeping, DO NOT MISS YOUR REPS. Your (Japanese) life depends on this. My advice is to try and do this when commuting, on transport, on the toilet, in random downtimes. When your Anki is at 0 reps, you are free for the day. If you study with other people at the same time or have friends trying to learn, make sure to nag them daily to “do your reps”. Also make sure to post this on Twitter at random times to remind others.
Kanjidamage covers the 2000 Jouyou (meaning ‘regular use’: 常用) kanji and if you work this out, you need to do an average of 5.5 new cards per day. The target of 5–10 (with lulls of 0 when you get overloaded with reps) should keep you on track with this. If you complete Kanjidamage, you will be more than equipped to read or at least guess a tonne of Kanji and it will let you grasp writings, signs, concepts, game items and things you never even learnt vocabulary for. Kanjidamage has helped me guess and figure out meanings my whole life
No mater come rain, come shine, come 20 reps, come 100 reps. DO YOUR ANKI REPS EVERY DAY. Even if it means laying in bed for 30 mins before sleeping, DO NOT MISS YOUR REPS. Your (Japanese) life depends on this. My advice is to try and do this when commuting, on transport, on the toilet, in random downtimes. When your Anki is at 0 reps, you are free for the day. If you study with other people at the same time or have friends trying to learn, make sure to nag them daily to “do your reps”. Also make sure to post this on Twitter at random times to remind others.
Kanjidamage covers the 2000 Jouyou (meaning ‘regular use’: 常用) kanji and if you work this out, you need to do an average of 5.5 new cards per day. The target of 5–10 (with lulls of 0 when you get overloaded with reps) should keep you on track with this. If you complete Kanjidamage, you will be more than equipped to read or at least guess a tonne of Kanji and it will let you grasp writings, signs, concepts, game items and things you never even learnt vocabulary for. Kanjidamage has helped me guess and figure out meanings my whole life
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