the shaft of the humerus..
肱骨干
we have learn this structure of the upper
hand.
我们已经学习过上臂的这个结构
this structure we called great tubercle..
我们称之为大结节
and this tubercle prolong/extends downwards
to form a crest we called the crest of the great tubercle
这个结节向下移行为脊，我们称之为大结节
lesser tubercle also extend downwards we
called crest of lesser tubercle
小结节也向下移行，我们称之为小结节脊
between this two crest there is groove
这两者之间便是结节间沟
this groove we have learned
我们学习过这个结构
this is intertubercular groove,okay this
groove also extend downwards
这是结节间沟，好的，这个沟也向下移行
this grooves presents the lateral lip,
结节间沟出现在侧唇
medial lip and the most lowerest part we
called floor of the groove,okay then the lowest structure here.
中唇和最低部分我们称之为结节间沟的地板，然后这里是最低结构
this structure is just little above the
body of the humerus
这个结构刚好在肱骨体上面一点
on the lateral surface there is v shaped
从侧面看是V字形的
v shaped deltiod here
这里是V字形的三角肌
we called this deltiod tubercity
我们称之为三角肌粗隆
because there is a muscle just here to form
this tubercity
因为有肌肉附着在这里所以形成了这个粗隆
this muscle form the shape of the shoulder
joint,，we called
deltiod muscle
这个肌肉起始于肩关节，我们称之为三角肌
deltiod muscle go downwards into the
lateral surface of the humerus to form the deltiod tubercity
三角肌向下移行至肱骨侧面而形成三角肌粗隆
behind deltiod tubercity,there is groove
here
在三角肌粗隆后面，有一个沟。
this groove go downwards and the
forward,this groove we called radial groove because this groove transmit radial
nerve
这个沟向前下移行，我们称之为桡神经沟，因为这个沟中有桡神经通过
the body of the humerus we have finished
then we talk about the lower half,，the lower end of the humerus
肱骨体我们完成然后我们来谈谈下半部分，肱骨末端的下份
on the lower end of the humerus,first we
put the hand on the most widest part of the lower end then you can touch two
prominence and this two prominence one in on the medial side and the other in
on the lateral side
在肱骨末端下份，首先我们将手放在肱骨下份最宽阔的地方，然后你能触摸到两个突起，它们一个在内侧，另一个在外侧
on the medial side this structure we called
medial epicondyle and on the lateral side lateral epicondyle
在内侧我们称之为内上髁，在外侧则被称为外上髁
medial epicondyle and the lateral
epicondyle this two epicondyles are alittle different you can see from the
picture
内上髁以及外上髁，这二者与你们在图片上看到的略有不同
medial epicondyle is big and very clear and
the lateral epicondyle is small and not very clear
内上髁很大且清晰，外上髁较小且不清晰
from this we can decide which side is the
medial side and which side is the lateral side
从这里我们能分辨哪是内侧哪是外侧
on the most lowest part of the humerus on
the lateral side there is a small rounded structure and this structure we
called capitulum and the medial of the capitulum
在肱骨最下份，在外侧有一个小的环状结构，我们称之为肱骨小头和内侧肱骨小头
there is the trochlear
这是肱骨滑车
lateral is the capitulum and the medial is
the trochlear and then another structure first see this picture
外侧是肱骨小头，内侧是肱骨滑车，从这幅图片中最先看到的另一个结构
this picture is the anterior view and this
picture is the posterior view
这幅图片是前面观，这一幅是后面观
for the anterior view above the capitulum
there is small fossa,very small fossa
前面观，在肱骨小头上方有一个小窝，非常小
this fossa we called radial fossa
我们称之为桡骨窝
and then above here this is trochlear
在此之上是滑车
and above the trochlear there is also small
fossa
在滑车之上也有一个小窝
this fossa is called coronoid fossa
我们称之为冠突窝
okay come back of this picture posterior
view,for this picture above the trochlear
好的，回到这幅图片的后面观，在滑车之上
here is very big fossa called olecranon
fossa,okay the last structure is here.
这个非常大的窝被称为鹰嘴窝，好的，最后要看的结构是这里
this structure is groove，between this two structure，,this structure is medial
epicondyle and this structure is trochlear
这个结构是一个沟，在这二者之间，这个结构被称为内上髁，这个是肱骨滑车
between the medial epicondyle and the
trochlear,there is a groove here,we calle ala groove
在内上髁和肱骨神经之间有一个沟，称之为尺神经沟
so,a nerve through here ala nerve.
通过这里的神经便是尺神经
okay all the structures of the humerus we
have finished and how to decide
好的，肱骨的所有结构我们已经学习完了，也会识别了
the bone is the right one or the left of
the humerus
这个骨头是左侧或者右侧肱骨
first you must decide which is upper end
and which is lower end
首先你必须分辨哪是上端哪是下端
the upper end is rounded and lower end is
flattened
上端很圆，下端很平
how to decide anterior and the posterior,
如何识别前面和后面呢？
see the lower end on anterior,there is two
small fossaa and a the posterior there is one big fossa here
观察下端的前面，有两个小窝，后面这里有一个大窝
the name of this fossa,olecranon fossa
这个窝的名为鹰嘴窝
for this we can decide which one is
anterior and which one is posterior
这样我们便能分辨肱骨的前面观和后面观
and we can decide which one is medial and
lateral okay first see this
我们能分辨内侧和外侧。我们先看这里
medial epicondyle is big and lateral
epicondyle is small
内上髁很大，外上髁很小
also you can see the upper end
你们也看看上端
the head of the humerus is articulated with
scapula to form the shoulder joint
肱骨头与肩胛骨相连形成肩关节
head of the humerus must towards medially
and greater tubercle on the lateral side
肱骨头必须平缓地朝向，侧面的大结节
so this can decide which one is medial side
and which one is lateral side..
所以，这样便能识别内侧和外侧。
okay till now we learn about the shouulder
joint
好的，现在我们来学习肩关节
because the shoulder joint form of the
glenoid fossa of the scapula and the humerus
因为肩关节由肩胛骨和肱骨的关节窝形成
the shoulder joint we also called the
gleiohumeral joint

@绯色的天界玫瑰

翻译一半了。。。。@绯色的天界玫瑰

晚安了玫瑰酱，我继续苦逼去- -。
@绯色的天界玫瑰

终于搞完了，这两天把我都要磨死了。。。老师抓壮丁也太随便了点吧啊喂！- -。总之大家晚安，祝好梦碎觉去~！