三 It的用法1）作人称代词 很简单 不展开了， 顺便帮忙区别下 it ,one ,that.it指代的是原物 one≈a/an that≈the one和that 是同类不同物。
例:The weath in Beijing is colder than [that] in Hangzhou. that指代the weather
2）作非人称代词①例： - Excuse me,I wonder if you can help me ?-Sure.What is it?指代前面提过的或者谈话双方都明白的事或情况
②it 组成的惯用语 【交际性用语可能考】take it easy, make it(做到，成功）， believe it or not, forget it(算了吧）， manage it(设法做成某事），that's it(这就对了，就这样）,Don't mention it(不用谢） It's up to you (随你啦 由你决定啦）
3）作形式主语 也很简单例：The doctor thought it would be good for you to have a holiday?真正的主语是后面的 to have a holiday
4）作形式宾语例：I think it wrong doing in this way.
5）形式主语①不定式中：It's bad to smoke.②动名词： 用【no good, no use ,...】It is no use crying.
6）在主语从句 【重要】①可以是that引导的。例：It is strange [ that it hasn't been noticed before.]
→[That it hasn't been noticed before] is strange.整个句子当主语。由于什么都没少 所以必须要有that 引导。
7）在强调句中记住句套子就行了It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它成分。
去掉句套子整个句子也得成立。那就是强调句。现在考的很难一般强调局里面还有一个定语从句或者插入语。例：It was at a Christmas evening party,[if I remember right], that we met for the first time.
[..]就是插入语 整个句子考察的是强调句
再给一题比较难的。The Internet and the effect ( ) brought about did a lot of good to our daily life and work.
A that B what C which D it
答案：D这个句子要拆开来。主语是 The Inter and the effect. 谓语是did a lot of good ..... 其实本来是 整个句子是 The Internet and the effect 【不填/which/that】 It bring about (the effect) .... 这里考察的是从句中当作宾语的时候 可以省略。 经常考
Is it in this website ( ) you often pay a visit to ( ) there are tons of games?
A不填,where B不填，that C where,that D which,where
答案：B
强调句型

-Ing用法
①Seeing is believing. 眼见为实
②I can feel my heart beating.beating宾补 补充说明heart . 跳动的心注：beat是个考点词，作为节拍
③定语 a sleeping baby A baby is sleeping 现在分词A car for sleeping 动名
④ He went out,crying sadly.
伴随状语He went out and cried sadly.
⑤Being tired,I stop to have a rest.表原因Because I am tired,....
⑥Walking along the street,I met lucy. 时间状语 When I was walking,....
⑦Turning to the left,you'll find our school .条件状语If you turn to the left,.....
⑧Knowing where I live ,he never comes to see me.让步 Although he knows where I live,...


五、虚拟语气注：你先找到这个句子是否虚拟，然后根据意思来选。千万不要死记，要理解。
1）在if条件从句中条件从句的谓语形式 主句谓语形式①表示现在的情况 If I + 动词过去式 should(would,could,might)+ v
例：If I were you,I would choose it.如果我是你，我就选择它. 我现在可能是你吗，不可能，所以虚拟。
②表示过去的情况 If I had +过去分词 should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词
例：If Jack had scored that goal,we would have won.
解析：我们过去没有赢，因为过去的过去Jack没有达到那个目标。 所以时态是这样的。
③表示未来的情况 If I +should+vIf I + were to+v (不怎么出现） should(would,could,might)+ vIf I + 动词过去式
例：If it rained (should rain/were to rain)tomorrow, I would not go.
***** 暗含中的虚拟语气，也就是含蓄条件句中没有明显的虚拟条件，但利用其他手段来暗示，这类隐含的可转换为if引导的条件句。有“but for （要不是）, without, otherwise（否则）”
例：①Without Lin's help, I would have got wet to the skin.②But for his pension, he would starve.③We couldn't get in touch with her,otherwise we could have told her the improtant news.
2）在宾语从句中在wish后的宾从中【或者if only句型中,或者as though,as if句型中】，谓语常用过去式表示现在的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，用would(could, might)+v表示未来的情况
①I wish I were better-looking.②I wish I had met the film star just now.③I wish I would be a solider.
在would rather的宾从中，谓语常用过去式表示【现在或者将来】的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。①I would rather you did it.②I would rather you hadn't told me the truth.
【重点】在表示建议，要求，愿望，命令，坚持，想法（advise, command, demand, decide, insist,suggest,order,require,propose,request) 谓语常用should+v, should可省略。①The young man insisted that I (should) go with his fellows.
【难点】在错综时间虚拟条件中①If I were you, I wouldn't have missed the film last night.如果我是你，我就不会错误昨晚那场电影了。句子中last night告诉我们是过去，所以是对过去的虚拟。就是找到时间基点就可以了。


六、情态动词
这种主要就是靠做题理解了。必须记住下面的意思。could have done 本来可能做到的，有遗憾的口气should have done 过去应该做而没有做needn't have done 过去不需要做而做了can't have done 过去不可能做了的must have done 过去一定做了mustn't 禁止，不允许【mustn't have done 】 这种表达是没有的 看到直接叉叉排除。
下面给例子来说明情态动词。高考题中好像就这些。PS：我做过的之中，依旧欢迎补充。
①这里的“can”表示理论上的可能性，实际上未必可能。例：Even experienced teachers [ can ] make mistakes,let alone a green hand like her.即使有经验的老师也可能犯错，更不必说像她这样的新手了。
例：Peter [ can ] be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general.即使他是一个很好的人，有时有很难相处。
②这里的“can”表示惊讶[在惊叹句，疑问句中]例：How [ can ] you expect your chilrden to be truthful when you yourself tell lies?你自己都撒谎，怎么期待你的孩子诚实呢!
③这里“shall”表示命令，警告例：According to the rule,all the people present [ shall ] stay until the meeting is over.根据规定，所有出席的人都必须待到会议结束。
④这里“shall”表示允诺例：-Will you reada story,Mummy?-OK.You [ shall ] have one if you go yo bed soon.
⑤这里“should”表示劝告建议，译成应该，表主观情况例：-I don't care what people think.-Well,you [ should ].
⑥这里“should”表示竟然，居然 （惊讶） 例：I am glad that your story [ should ] have won.
例：-This is for you.-You [ shouldn't ] have ! I don't know how to thank you.
注：这个句子很容易错。很多人会填 needn't。 这就是中式思维了。如果填了就表示我已经有这样东西了，不需要了。其实就是说你多此一举我都已经有了。
请对比例：She [ needn't ]come in person; a call would have been enough.你不需要亲自来的，打电话就好了。 意思就是多此一举 不需要做的。
⑦这里“would”表示过去的习惯 总是例：Those farmers who [ would ] move from place to place with their animals in the past have moved into new houses at last.
⑧这里“must”表示偏要，表示说话人生气或者不满情绪例：If you [ must ] smoke,please go outside.
⑨ 例：He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he [ could have expressed ] it differently.过去可以表达的更不同一些。表示遗憾的口气

八、独立主格结构简单的说 就是逻辑主语不一致的时候用的。总之很少考（浙江）。独立主格结构就是：代词或者名词+非谓语 .
1)名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）① There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
②His glass broken,he sit the first line.他的眼镜摔坏了，只好坐在第一排。
③The book in hand,the teacher comes into the classroom.老师手上拿着书进来了。
④The meeting finished(being over), we go home.会议结束后，我们回家。
↓2） with，without 引导的独立主格结构①转换3的句子：With a book in his hand,the teacher comes into the classroom.


九、语态 【仅仅几个难分辨的】
我举例子①to got 为了...表目的②gotting 伴随状态（同时发生）③got 表被动④being got 表被动⑤having got≈getting 主动 【一般都是考先后关系】
很多人got 和being got 分不清什么时候填being got的情况有3中 ：①without being seen 跟在介词后面 动名词②avoid being seen 跟在一些特定的动词后③being exposed to 作主语时
------------------------------------------------------------------------------给几个题会了就应该掌握了 【choose不同形式】①（ ） to play for the school team,I am really thrilled.②（ ） to play for the school team is an honor.③（ ） a gift for you,I came across my uncle.④（ ） a gift for you,I visited all the shops.⑤（ ） as the best gift for many years,flower are becoming more and more popular.
注：不能用于被动语态的及物动词：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch 　　动词短语：agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to, take place ....


十、as
1）as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：①as 引导的定语从句可置于句首或句中，而which不可。②as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。
例：①As is known to all,the earth is round.此时的As不能用which.→The earth is round,which is known to all.
② He is late again, as is often the case.He lost his wallet, which make him very upset.
2）先行词和as, so, such, the same连用或先行词本身就是such, the same时，连词用as
例："Ungelivable" is so new an English word coined on the Internet as is forbidden appear in official media and documents at present.


pe for the best and prepare for the worst.抱最好的希望，作最坏的准备。


Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. 心之所愿，无所不成。