史氏大头蚁Pheidole smythiesii
该物种通常栖息于林地之中，有时出现在开阔地，并在土壤中营巢，根据Alfred和Agarwal的研究，在印度的Shillong的史氏大头蚁工蚁会照看蚜虫群落。原文段：This species usually inhabits woody habitats and sometimes occurs in open lands, and nests in the soil. According to Alfred & Agarwal (1990) workers tend aphid colonies (Micromyzus kalimponginsis) on Hedychium coronarium (Zingiberaceae) in Shillong, India. (Eguchi 2008)

史氏大头蚁P．　smythiesii与P．smythiesii benalensis 没有明显的差异，在Forel 的原始描述中他提到后者的小型工蚁头部比前者头部长，然而他们的头比没有太大差距：前者为CI 0.88-0.89，后者为CI 0.86，因此P．smythiesii benalensis只是P．smythiesii的当地种群，Bingham显示他们之间的差异似乎不足以在物种层面将他们分开，因此得出结论他们应该是同种的。
原文段：Eguchi (2008) - There are no distinct differences between the syntypes of P. smythiesii and P. smythiesii bengalensis Forel. In Forel’s original description (Forel 1902), he mentioned that the head of the minor is longer in the latter than that in the former. The cephalic index is, however, not so different between them: CI 0.86 in the latter and CI 0.88–0.89 in the former. Thus P. smythiesii bengalensis is merely a local population of P. smythiesii. The differences between P. smythiesii and P. bhavanae shown by Bingham (1903) seem to be inadequate for separating them at the species level, and in the course of examination of the type material I also could not find definitive evidence which supports Bingham’s recognition of P. bhavanae from P. smythiesii. Thus I conclude that they are conspecific.

在越南只有两种触角棒为四节的大头蚁，一种是史氏大头蚁P．smythiesii 另一种是盖氏大头蚁P．gatesi，盖氏小型工蚁的结节给出了两个物种之间的差异，方法参考我以前的贴子
原文：In Vietnam only two species, Pheidole smythiesii and Pheidole gatesi, have 4-segmented antennal clubs, and they are morphologically very similar to each other. Differences between the two species are given under the remarks of P. gatesi.

杜氏大头蚁Pheidole dugasi
此种通常在树木繁茂的花园和森林边缘的地下筑巢，会收集种子，在越南，有人观察到大量杜氏的工蚁从哺乳动物粪便中取回种子
原文：This species usually nests under the ground in woody gardens and forest edges. Majors serve as repletes (e.g., Eg01-TH-034, -142) (Eguchi 2008). In S. Cat Tien N.P. (S. Vietnam) I observed masses of workers retrieving seeds from mammal feces. (Eguchi 2008)
根据Eguchi(2008)的描述，该物种与分布在印度种中国的其他大头蚁属的不同主要是以下几个特征
1. 兵蚁和工蚁对比其他的大头蚁都非常巨大
2.在头部前端有纵向刻纹，一直到头部末端
3.触角棒3节
原文：Eguchi (2008) - This species is characterized among Indo-Chinese species by the combination of the following characteristics:
in the major and minor body extremely large
in the major frons with longitudinal-oblique rugulae which run till the end of vertexal lobes
in the major and minor antennal club 3-segmented

除杜氏以外，越南还有分布另外两种体型极大的物种，史氏大头蚁P. smythiesii 和盖氏大头蚁P. gatesi，但是这两种非常容易与杜氏区分开，因为他们有着4节的触角棒，P. magna与杜氏相对相似，但P. magna的以下特征很容易与杜氏区分开，P. magna的背部和额叶侧面以及第一节腹部背甲平滑且闪亮，通常在其后腹柄有微微的刻点区域
原文：In N. Vietnam there are two other extremely large-sized species, Pheidole gatesi and Pheidole smythiesii. But these two species are easily separated from P. dugasi by the 4-segmented antennal club in the major and minor. Pheidole magna Eguchi (see below) is relatively similar to P. dugasi, but easily separated from P. dugasi by the following characteristics of the major of P. magna: dorsal and lateral faces of vertexal lobe smooth and shining; first gastral tergite smooth and shining, often with a weakly punctured area just around its articulation with postpetiole (see also Eguchi 2006).

具单眼大头蚁Pheidole ocellata
中国目前已知最大的大头蚁，在形态上与中华大头蚁P. sinica相似，但具有三节触角棒，在关系上与后者明显相差甚远，并且可以与所有触角棒四节的物种区分开来，具单眼大头蚁的主要特征是在兵蚁的头部有一个明显的中单眼和两个残留的侧眼，可以和中国所有已知的物种区分开。
原文：Zhou (2001) - Similar to Pheidole sinica in shape, but with 3-segmented antennal club, distinctly far from the latter in relationship, and can be distinguished from all the species which with 4-segmented antennal club in shape. The main character of the new species is that it with a conspicuous middle ocellus and two vestigial lateral ocelli on vertex and can be distinguished from all known species from China.

盖氏大头蚁Pheidole gatesi
该物种栖息于林地之中，并在土壤中筑巢。
原文：This species inhabits woody habitats, and nests in the soil. Majors serve as repletes
盖氏大头蚁P. gatesi 与史氏大头蚁P. smythiesii 在形态上非常相似，这两个物种之间的差异如下：
盖氏大头蚁工蚁的第一结节通常为第二结节的0.85-1.0倍，而史氏大头蚁工蚁的第一结节通常小于第二结节的0.85倍
盖氏大头蚁中胸的背毛比史氏大头蚁更加稠密
原文：Pheidole gatesi and Pheidole smythiesii are morphologically very similar to each other. Differences between the two species are as follows:
in the minor petiole usually 0.85–1.0 times as long as postpetiole in P. gatesi, but usually less than 0.85 times in P. smythiesii
in the minor dorsum of promesonotum bearing hairs more densely in P. gatesi than in P. smythiesii

伊大头蚁Pheidole yeensis
该物种在开阔的土地、耕地和花园比在林地中更常见，主要在土中筑巢，在越南的农村地区，伊大头蚁Pheidole yeensis 和矮大头蚁Pheidole parva 是最占主导地位的大头蚁属物种，用土壤建造的突出的壁垒通常环绕的巢穴入口，工蚁在地面上觅食，捕食或掠食小型无脊椎动物，包括其他地面觅食的蚂蚁，如齿唇齿猛蚁Odontoponera denticulata
原文：This species is more common in open lands, tillage and gardens than in woody habitats, and nests in the soil. In N. Vietnamese rural areas this species and Pheidole parva are the most dominant Pheidole species. Prominent wall built with soil usually surrounds the nest entrance. Workers actively forage on the ground, and prey and/or scavenge on small invertebrates including other ground-foraging ants, such as Odontoponera denticulata. (Eguchi 2008)

伊大头蚁在分布于中国和印度的同属物种中的特点是以下特征的结合：头长大于宽，全身黄色短柔毛和长立毛较密集，头后部缢缩，中部最宽，头后缘角形凹陷，头顶具明显横形凹陷
原文：Eguchi (2008) - This species is characterized among Indo-Chinese species by the combination of the following features: in the minor dorsum of head and mesosoma sparsely bearing relatively thick standing hairs; in the major head in lateral view strongly impressed on vertex; in the major hypostoma at most with inconspicuous median and submedian processes; in the major and minor promesonotal dome in lateral view with a low mound on its posterior slope; in the major first gastral tergite longitudinally rugoso-punctate entirely.
该物种与同样分布于中国和印度的平额大头蚁Pheidole planifrons相似
原文：This species is similar to Pheidole planifrons Santschi among Indo-Chinese species (see under P. planifrons).

梅花山大头蚁Pheidole meihuashanensis
本种体型较大，兵蚁头顶中央甚凹，复眼位于头侧偏后方，头的正面有细纵纹，触角脊发达，触角沟甚短，柄节亦短，略高于头长的一半，触角棒四节，端节最长，额区略隆起，唇基甚短，前胸背板仅及头宽之半，背部隆起，有不规则横纹，中胸背板两侧各有一个瘤状物，中后胸分界线较为明显，后胸背板中部有两个伸向侧上方的刺突，前腹柄结较狭，侧面观呈三角形，柄后腹宽卵形。
工蚁全体黄褐色，头小，复眼圆形，位于头侧中部，柄节甚细长，超过头顶，触角棒四节，上颚黑色，前胸有颈状部，前胸背隆起，光滑，中胸斜形，背板前缘两侧有小瘤，侧板及背板均有颗粒状突起，中后胸背板缝明显，后胸背侧方向两枚短刺，侧下方有不明显斜刻条四条，前腹柄结狭窄，后腹柄结宽度约为前腹柄结的两倍，背面进圆形，柄后腹卵圆形。
正模标本采集于闽西，龙岩市上杭县，梅花山自然保护区，海拔1100m。

中华大头蚁Pheidole sinica
兵蚁头多少呈心形，前部窄，后头缘深凹，头中央形成一条具皱纹的凹沟，触角柄节短，约为触角窝到后头角距离的3/5长，触角棒四节，其中最后一节长是宽的1.5倍，其余三个棒状节长度相似，复眼圆，位于头前1/3处，唇基具中脊，前缘直，中央凹，前胸背板圆，不具侧瘤，中胸背板具高的横脊，并胸腹节背板刺粗、尖，第一结节楔形，前面向后十分倾斜，后面陡，顶端中央凹，第二结节球形，宽为第一结节的三倍，侧面具弱的瘤状突。上颚光亮，具稀疏的刻点和一些明显的刻纹，唇其光滑，中脊周围刻点细，两侧此纵刻纹，头其部分具长的刻纹和细小刻点，结节光亮，第二结节具弱的横向刻纹。
工蚁头卵形，向后变窄，后头缘短，内弯，触角柄节很长，末端超出后头缘1/3柄节长还多，触角棒四节，唇基凹，但不具中脊，前缘圆形，额脊低，短而直，末端向外侧弯曲，额区凹，并胸腹节形状似兵蚁，但较长，并腹胸节具两个粗而尖的短刺，第一结节上缘中间不凹，头，并腹胸和后腹光亮，头部、并胸腹节侧板具纵刻纹，中、并胸腹节具刻点。
中华大头蚁的正模标本采集于湖南省宜章县莽山，副模采集于湖南江华。
本种与印度的P．smythiesii 相似，但本种兵蚁头部具纵长刻纹，头中央的凹沟具皱纹，第一结节上缘中央凹陷，唇基具中脊，头颜色深于身体其他部分。

在中国和南亚次大陆之间的物种中，宽结大头蚁可以通过以下的结合特征与它们区分开来：兵蚁正脸观相对较宽，后部凹陷较深;兵蚁头部背面长着稀疏且明显比background hairs（应该指的其它比立毛短的毛，比如微毛Microtrichia等）更粗的立毛;兵蚁额叶的后部、背部和侧面形成网状褶皱;兵蚁一般不形成腹柄下突或最多形成小隆突;兵蚁和小型工蚁的后结节较大。
原文：Pheidole nodus is distinguished among Indo-Chinese species by the combination of the following characteristics: in the major head in full-face view relatively broadly and deeply concave posteriorly; in the major dorsum of head sparsely bearing standing hairs which are much longer and distinctly thicker than background hairs; in the major posterior part of vertex and dorsal and lateral faces of vertexal lobe rugoso-reticulate; in the major subpetiolar process absent or at most present as a low carina; in the major and minor postpetiole massive.

平额大头蚁Pheidole planifrons
此种经常在出现在林地，在土壤中筑巢，很少在地面上的白蚁丘壁边上筑巢
原文：This species occurs from forest edges to rather woody habitats, and nests in the soil and rarely in the walls of termite mounds on the ground.
该物种与伊大头蚁Pheidole yeensis 相似，然而后者头后缘角形凹陷，且头顶具有明显横形凹陷，该物种的兵蚁与卡沷林大头蚁Pheidole capellinii 彼此相似，但二者之间的工蚁形态非常不同。
原文：This species is similar to Pheidole yeensis Forel. In the major of the latter, however, vertex in lateral view is strongly impressed in front of vertexal lobe; and frons is sparsely sculptured with longitudinal rugulae. The majors of this species and Pheidole capellinii are similar to each other, but morphology of the minor is very different between the two (see under P. capellinii).

在中国和南亚次大陆间的物种中，该物种通过以下特征结合被描述得很好：兵蚁的额基水平发育良好，部分突出触角窝;兵蚁的颊[昆虫的头壳以缝为界限由后向前划分为后头、头顶、额及唇基，两侧为颊。自复眼下方通至口上缝的两端，每侧各有一缝，称为颊缝(genal suture)，其后为颊(gena)。]长度远超眼睛（一般是复眼）直径的1.5倍;小型工蚁的额（头的正前方,上以蜕裂线侧臂、下以口上沟、侧以额颊沟为界;触角和单眼在此区）和头顶平整或粗糙（这里主要是想说自然观察有这对性状，或者说有不同的变异型，鉴别物种参考性有限）;小型工蚁的前后头（沿着头部的后外侧边缘）背侧横向突出明显;大型工蚁的后口区（位于上颚后头）中部和亚中没有突起;工蚁前中胸（还是上面我说的那个前中胸）顶的后坡耸起;小型工蚁胸部背部稀疏地长着短而粗的立毛，其顶有点截感（你可以理解成锥体被截成台体那种感觉，就是不像有的毛特别上尖下宽，这个顶部是稍微有点被截平的感觉）;大型工蚁第一节腹部背甲纵向完全或大体上有粗糙刻点。
原文：Eguchi (2008) - This species is well characterized among Indo-Chinese species by the combination of the following features: in the major frontal carina well developed horizontally, partly overhanging antennal scrobe; in the major gena much more than 1.5 times as long as maximal diameter of eye; in the minor frons and vertex smooth or shagreened; in the minor preoccipital carina conspicuous dorsally and laterally; in the major hypostoma without median and submedian processes; in the major and minor posterior slope of promesonotal dome with a mound; in the minor dorsum of mesosoma sparsely with thick and short standing hairs which is somewhat stubbed apically; in the major first gastral tergite longitudinally rugoso-punctate entirely or largely.