NAS 上的一块 3T 硬盘，打算整理文件时，把所有文件都复制处理，结果有一个文件读到一半就失败，其他文件没有问题。
通过 ssh 登陆 cp 该文件，失败，同时该分区直接变 read-only，然后拔电重启了。
尝试 badblocks 扫描，才扫一点系统卡死了，然后拔电重启。
在控制台格式化磁盘后（只格式化数据分区，其他系统用的分区没有动），再用 badblocks 扫描，最开始部分很快找到几个错误，后边错误一直没有上升。
smart 显示的是 PASSED，查了一下说是正常。
这是出现物理坏道还是逻辑坏道。有没有必要全盘格式化，之前只格式化数据分区。
下边是 smart 信息
# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl version 5.38 [arm-marvell-linux-gnueabi] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: WDC WD30EFRX-68EUZN0
Serial Number: WD-WCC4N0XARHS4
Firmware Version: 82.00A82
User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: 9
ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is: Tue Jan 31 12:23:56 2023 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (38100) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 255) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x703d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 189
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 185 175 021 Pre-fail Always - 5725
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 069 069 000 Old_age Always - 31922
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 033 033 000 Old_age Always - 49087
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 110
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 66
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 190 190 000 Old_age Always - 32018
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 123 092 000 Old_age Always - 27
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 5
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 7
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 49069 26776008
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 35589 -
# 3 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 27812 -
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 26127 -
# 5 Short offline Completed without error 00% 0 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
最后这是 badblocks 扫出来的结果
# badblocks -s -v -o /root/badblocks.log /dev/sda
Checking blocks 0 to 2930266583
Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done
Pass completed, 13 bad blocks found. (13/0/0 errors)
日志信息
13388000
13388001
13388002
13389824
13389825
13389826
13389827
13389828
13389829
13389830
13389831
13391552
13391648
通过 ssh 登陆 cp 该文件，失败，同时该分区直接变 read-only，然后拔电重启了。
尝试 badblocks 扫描，才扫一点系统卡死了，然后拔电重启。
在控制台格式化磁盘后（只格式化数据分区，其他系统用的分区没有动），再用 badblocks 扫描，最开始部分很快找到几个错误，后边错误一直没有上升。
smart 显示的是 PASSED，查了一下说是正常。
这是出现物理坏道还是逻辑坏道。有没有必要全盘格式化，之前只格式化数据分区。
下边是 smart 信息
# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl version 5.38 [arm-marvell-linux-gnueabi] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: WDC WD30EFRX-68EUZN0
Serial Number: WD-WCC4N0XARHS4
Firmware Version: 82.00A82
User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: 9
ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is: Tue Jan 31 12:23:56 2023 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (38100) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 255) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x703d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 189
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 185 175 021 Pre-fail Always - 5725
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 069 069 000 Old_age Always - 31922
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 033 033 000 Old_age Always - 49087
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 110
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 66
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 190 190 000 Old_age Always - 32018
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 123 092 000 Old_age Always - 27
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 5
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 7
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 49069 26776008
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 35589 -
# 3 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 27812 -
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 26127 -
# 5 Short offline Completed without error 00% 0 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
最后这是 badblocks 扫出来的结果
# badblocks -s -v -o /root/badblocks.log /dev/sda
Checking blocks 0 to 2930266583
Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done
Pass completed, 13 bad blocks found. (13/0/0 errors)
日志信息
13388000
13388001
13388002
13389824
13389825
13389826
13389827
13389828
13389829
13389830
13389831
13391552
13391648
