信区: SNPKU
标 题: 关于南丁格尔
发信站: 北大未名站 (2001年09月28日20:33:07 星期五) , 站内信件

佛劳伦斯 南丁格尔出生于1820年5月12日,卒于1919年8月13日.她是现代护理学的奠基人、现
代护理学校的创办人、医院管理改革家、护理学教育家和慈善家。她把自己的一生奉献给了
世界护理教育、护理改革和护理管理事业。
1854~1856年，克里米亚战争期间，英国战地住院士兵死亡率高达50%，这些士兵不是死于战
争，而是死于恶劣的混乱的战地医院治疗条件和混乱的管理体制。南丁格尔不顾世俗的偏见
，不顾父母的激烈反对，主动申请前往克里米亚担任战地救护工作。她带领38名护士抵达前
线，他们着眼于改善医院的环境，并且精心照顾伤员，使战地医院的状况大为改观，伤员的
死亡率降至2.2%，最后降低到1%。她每天晚上亲自手持油灯巡视病房，士兵们亲切地称她为
“提灯女神”。
1857年她从前线归来以后，提出了陆军卫生委员会的改革计划，正式开展了医疗卫生制度的
改革。1858~1859年她制定了陆军医官保障法和陆军医疗部新规章。1860年她又在英国建立了
第一所护理学校，护理学校的建立标志着护理学作为一门新专业从医学中的分离和护理学专
业的诞生。

--
阴晴无定，夏至雨来的时节，在路旁等候了望，是我的快乐。
从不可知的天空带信来的使者们，向我致意又向前赶路。
我衷心欢畅，吹过的风带着清香。
从早到晚，我在门前坐地，我知道我一看见你，那快乐的时光便要突然来到。
这时我自歌自笑，这时空气里也充满着应许的芬芳

好伟大呀！！！！！偶像呀

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希望现在的护士都能向南丁格尔一样,我相信我们的病人会好的快一点.

赞美南丁格尔!!!

赞美南丁格尔!!!希望现在的护士都能向南丁格尔一样好伟大呀

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 南丁格尔护士学校开学时有15名女子，年龄在25至35岁之间，训练时间为一年。学生的食、宿、制服、学费全部免费，每年并给10英镑助学金。学校委托给圣·托马斯医院护理主任管理，南丁格尔只去过学校两次。但她一直密切关注学校的发展情况。医院护理主任不断向她请示、汇报学校的每一件事。护士和护士长常常在南丁格尔家中进行面谈。 1860年，南丁格尔用公众捐助的4400英镑南丁格尔基金，在英国圣·托马斯医院内创建了世界上第一所正规护士学校———南丁格尔护士学校。随后又着手助产士及济贫院护士的培训工作。她对医院管理、部队卫生保健、护士教育培训等方面，都做出了卓越的贡献，被后世誉为现代护理教育的奠基人。她还提出公共卫生护理思想，认为要通过社区组织从事预防医学服务。她一生培训护士1000多人。主要著作《医院笔记》、《护理笔记》等成为医院管理、护士教育的基础教材。推动了西欧各国乃至世界各地护理工作和护士教育的发展。由于她的努力，护理学成为一门科学。1901年，南丁格尔因操劳过度，双目失明。1907年，英王颁发命令，授予南丁格尔功绩勋章，成为英国历史上第一个接受这一最高荣誉的妇女。她逝世后，遵照她的遗嘱，未举行国葬。


 南丁格尔虽然健康状况不好，但仍活到90岁。直到她80高龄时，她仍为护理事业持续工作着。她不停地读书、写报告，对医院建设 提建议，接见那些想与她讨论工作的人，并会见护士们，询问她们的工作。从南丁格尔护校毕业的护士们曾到世界各国帮助改进医院护理工作。南丁格尔最高兴的就是听到护理工作所取得的进步。 

 南丁格尔最大的成就就是创建了护理专业，然而其影响却远不止于此。在维多利亚时代早期，女子在管家之外所学的很少，有极少数的女子的成就是成为贵妇人。南丁格尔的建树是妇女有能力做更多的事。她并不强调男女平等，她为妇女做了很多的，是赢得了今天所享受的自由。 

 南丁格尔女士以最高贵的奉献精神把一生献给了护理事业，为护理事业奋斗终生。英国人把她看作是英国的骄傲，为她在伦敦树立了铜像，并把她的大半身像印在英国10英镑纸币的背面（正面是英国女王伊丽莎白二世的半身像）。美国大诗人Longfellow（1807—1882）为她作诗，赞美她的精神是高贵的，是女界的英雄。如今全世界都以5月12日为国际护士节纪念她。南丁格尔被列入世界伟人之一，受到人们的尊敬。南丁格尔女士幼年时就怀有一颗慈祥仁爱的心灵。她爱护生命，家里饲养的小动物受伤了，她细心给它包扎，南丁格尔怀有一个崇高的理想、认为生活的真谛在于为人类做出一些有益的事情。做一个好护士，是她生平的唯一宿愿。 

 1912年在华盛顿举行的第9届国际红十字大会上批准设立南丁格尔奖章，以奖励有关国家的红十字会或红十字附属医护单位的护士、志愿助手、积极分子和定期支持者，以表彰他们在战时或平时以特别的献身精神和勇气为伤、病、残人或为健康受到威胁的人们的忘我服务和取得的优异成绩。 

 南丁格尔奖基金由各国红十字会认捐，正常情况下每两年颁发一次，每次最多颁发奖章50枚。

国际护士节 

1912年，国际护士理事会倡议世界各国医院和护士学校以南丁格尔的生日5月 12日为国际护士节，以此纪念这位英国护理学先驱、人类护理事业的创始人。 

5月12日，是全世界护士的共同节日。世界各地举行纪念活动，目的在于激励广大护士纪承和发扬护理事业的光荣传统、以“爱心、耐心、细心、责任心”对待每一位病人、搞好治病救人工作。 

护理工作最独特的功能是协助病患及健康的人预防疾病、减轻病痛、恢复健康或促进健康，它是结合科学、伦理与艺术的一门学科，因此，护理人员必须不断的自我充实，以培养护理人员事业的素养和乐观进取的精神。 

护理战线上的“白衣天使”以较强的事业心和高度的责任感，把真诚的爱心无私奉献给了每一位患者，学习和发扬近代护理学创始人弗劳伦斯·南丁格尔的精神，“燃烧自己，照亮别人”。 


南丁格尔奖章 

1912年设立的南丁格尔奖章是国际护理界的最高荣誉奖。它是以护理事业的创始人和现代护理教育的奠基人弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的名字命名的。 

1912年在华盛顿举行的第9届国际红十字大会上批准设立南丁格尔奖章，以奖励有关国家的红十字会或红十字附属医护单位的护士、志愿助手、积极分子和定期支持者，以表彰他们在战时或平时以特别的献身精神和勇气为伤、病、残人或为健康受到威胁的人们的忘我服务和取得的优异成绩。

嘿嘿，谢了，正在找这方面资料

弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔---英国人 

弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔（FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE）是英国人，1820年5月12日生于意大利的弗洛伦斯城，她父母以此城为名为她取名。1910年，她在睡眠中与世长辞。她生于一个名门富有之家，自幼便在家庭里受教育。她父亲是一个博学、有文化教养的人，为她提供了古典书籍、数学、哲学和语言等方面的教育。她母亲对她很不满意，因为她无意于婚姻。她在当主妇、当文学家、当护士三者之中选择了当护士。她从小便经常照看附近村庄的病人、残疾人，并护理她的亲属，以解除病者的痛苦。她的父母反对她做护士，认为有损家庭荣誉。但封建意识、社会影响从未使她失去做护理工作的信心.

谢了