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这篇介绍嫦娥四号的英文文章值得一读

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1楼2019-01-03 18:34回复
    2楼2019-01-03 18:35
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      2026-04-07 03:54:59
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      其中一段文字很有意思,说了嫦娥四号有几个国家的载荷之后,自问为何没有美国的载荷:
      下边是它们给读者的解释:
      ---
      Not all of Chang'e-4's instruments are Chinese. The mission's scientists teamed up with German researchers to install a particle detector on the lander, and Swedish researchers put an ion detector on the rover. The radio-telescope instrument on Queqiao is a joint Dutch-Chinese effort.
      Why doesn't the U.S. have an instrument aboard Chang'e-4?
      Even if NASA and CNSA wanted to, it'd be very difficult for the U.S. space agency to work with China legally. A rule nicknamed the Wolf amendmentforbids NASA from working with any Chinese entity unless the project is explicitly authorized by Congress or certified by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation.
      The rule's proponents argue that it helps U.S. national security, since CNSA has ties to China's military, and space technologies can be used for both peace and war. However, many scientists in the U.S. have derided the rule as needlessly restrictive, especially since China can already launch humans into space, service its own space stations, and send scientific probes such as Chang'e-4.
      “Maybe this Wolf amendment doesn’t have any teeth, except to prohibit cooperation that would be of benefit to all,” Neal says. “You have to have international collaboration.”
      There are models for countries cooperating in space even when tensions persist back on Earth. During the Cold War, the U.S. worked with the U.S.S.R. for projects such as the Apollo-Soyuz mission. Some observers, such as Apollo 11 astronaut Michael Collins, even advocated for the U.S. and the Soviet Union to embark on a joint Mars mission. (Read Collins's plan in the November 1988 issue of National Geographic magazine.)


      3楼2019-01-03 18:44
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        说出来你可能不信,我用12.9的IPAD都看不到你发的东西


        IP属地:上海来自iPhone客户端4楼2019-01-03 19:14
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          试试看能否整个复制过来:
          ===
          This artist's impression from the China National Space Administration (CNSA) depicts China's Chang'e-4 lunar probe. The spacecraft is the first ever to land on the moon's far side.ILLUSTRATION BY EPA/CHINA NATIONAL SPACE ADMINISTRATION / HANDOUTSCIENCE & INNOVATIONSTARSTRUCKChina just landed on the far side of the moon: What comes next?The lander-rover combo touched down where no human or robot has ventured before. Find out what it's doing there, and what else is headed for the lunar surface.6 MINUTE READBY MICHAEL GRESHKO
          PUBLISHED JANUARY 2, 2019
          On the evening of January 2, a Chinese lander named for an ancient moon goddess touched down on the lunar far side, where no human or robot has ever ventured before. China's Chang'e-4 mission launched toward the moonon December 7 and entered orbit around our cosmic companion on December 12. Now, the spacecraft has alighted onto the lunar surface.
          Leading up to the historic touchdown, details on Chang'e-4's landing were few and far between. CNSA is notoriously secretive; the last update offered was on December 30, when officials stated that the spacecraft had entered its final pre-landing orbit. Around the world, scientists and enthusiasts huddled in online forums and on Twitter before the landing, trading whispers as they read the latest from well-sourced journalists, Weibo accounts, and amateur astronomers tracking Chang'e-4's orbit.
          Once confirmation came that Chang'e-4 touched down, though, uncertainty gave way to joy.
          "It's really a historic time, and I am very very excited!" Long Xiao, a planetary geoscientist at the China University of Geosciences, wrote in an email to National Geographic just after he received word of the landing. "With the successful landing and taking pictures by both the lander and rover soon, I am looking forward to see the real face of the far side!"
          "I personally feel very excited and proud of the successful landing of Chang'e-4, as this is not only a really impressive accomplishment, but also has many scientific potentials," added Le Qiao, a lunar geologist at Shandong University, Weihai.
          Want to know more about the mission, its scientific goals, and its global significance? We've got you covered.
          What is Chang'e-4, and what's significant about its landing?
          The Chang'e-4 probe is the latest mission sent to the moon by CNSA, the Chinese space agency. The first two lunar missions were orbiters, and the third was a lander-rover combo that successfully landed on the near side of the moon in 2013. Chang'e-4 consists of a lander and a rover, as well as a relay satellite, and its goal is to set down gently on the lunar far side. (See stunning pictures from the Chang'e-3 mission.)
          #China's Chang'e-4 probe sends back world's first close shot of moon's far side after historic soft landing on uncharted area https://t.co/OckokVjnh8pic.twitter.com/ReORkkPcq3
          — CGTN (@CGTNOfficial) January 3, 2019
          “It's the first of its kind,” says Notre Dame planetary scientist Clive Neal, an expert on the moon's geology. “Chang'e-4 represents the first time that any nation has attempted to put down a soft lander on the far side of the moon, to then deploy a rover to explore.”
          "The retuned data should provide us valuable information to disclose the secrets of our moon, from the never-touched side!" Xiao wrote. "My fingers are crossed!"
          Wait, what's the far side of the moon?
          The moon has orbited Earth for more than 4.5 billion years, and over that time, Earth's gravitational tug has forced the moon's rotation speed to sync up with its orbit. As a result, the moon both rotates on its axis and orbits Earth once every 28 days. That means the same side of the moon always faces Earth, and the far side is the half we can't see from the planet's surface.
          0:21


          6楼2019-01-03 20:18
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            |
            2:50
            MOON 101
            You may have heard the far side referred to as the “dark side” of the moon, but that's a misnomer. As the moon orbits Earth, precisely half of it is bathed in sunlight at all times. During a new moon, the lunar near side is plunged into darkness, but the far side is fully lit. In fact, the moon's far side is lighter in color since it lacks the near side's darker basins, which create the patterns that we see as human faces, rabbits, or toads.
            Why hasn't anyone landed on the far side before?
            It's difficult to maintain communication with Earth during a far-side landing, because the moon itself blocks radio contact. When Apollo astronauts orbited to the moon's far side, they were totally cut off from the rest of humankind.
            This image from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter centers on the South Pole-Aitken basin, the largest impact basin on the moon and one of the largest in the solar system. The distance from its depths to the tops of the highest surrounding peaks is nearly 10 miles.
            IMAGE BY NASA/GODDARD
            The Chang'e-4 mission has gotten around this problem with a relay satellite. In May 2018, CNSA launched a satellite called Queqiao into orbit around L2, a neutral point beyond the moon where the gravity of Earth and the moon cancel out the centripetal force of an object stationed there, effectively allowing it to park in place. Since Queqiao always has good sight lines to both Earth and the lunar far side, it will bridge the gap between mission control and the Chang'e-4 lander.
            That said, adding a relay means radio signals must cross a greater distance, which in turn lengthens the round-trip communications delay. This means that any far-side lander or rover, including Chang'e-4, must be able to select its landing site and avoid hazards on its own.
            Where is Chang'e-4 landing, exactly?TODAY’SPOPULAR STORIESSCIENCE & INNOVATIONEarth is missing a huge part of its crust. Now we may know why.ENVIRONMENTThis baby sperm whale was tangled in ocean trash for 3 yearsPHOTOGRAPHYBest photos of 2018
            CNSA targeted the Von Kármán crater within the moon's South Pole-Aitken basin, a low-lying feature more than 1,500 miles across that covers nearly a quarter of the moon's surface. The basin is thought to have formed from a huge impact, so studying it should reveal details on the moon's crust and interior.
            “It's basically the biggest hole in the solar system,” Neal says.
            Scientists on the Chang'e-4 team are interested in ancient craters within the basin, such as Von Kármán, so they can study the craters' compositions and ages. These craters record the various rates of impacts that the moon, and thus Earth, endured over their history. How many objects rained down on Earth in our planet's youth? What did these objects bring, and when did they arrive? What does this history mean for the origins of life? Chang'e-4 could help us find out.
            What instruments does Chang'e-4 have?
            Many of the instruments aboard Chang'e-4 are replicas of ones that flew on Chang'e-3, the mission's predecessor. These hand-me-downs include several cameras, including the one that Chang'e-3 used to take awe-inspiring panoramas of the lunar surface. Chang'e-4 also comes equipped with radar that can penetrate the moon's surface.
            If at some point we can marshal the world's resources to do these things, we're going to be a lot better off.KURT KLAUS, LUNAR EXPLORATION ANALYSIS GROUP
            Unlike Chang'e-3, Chang'e-4 is carrying a "lunar biosphere" experiment containing plant seeds and silkworm eggs, as well as a low-frequency radio spectrometer that will let researchers study the sun's high-energy atmosphere from afar. This instrument has an extra trick: By pairing it with an instrument on board Queqiao, Chinese researchers can use the two as a radio telescope. The moon's far side is ideal for radio astronomy, since the moon blocks noise from Earth's ionosphere and human radio transmissions.
            "This will allow us for the first time to do radio observation at low frequencies that are not possible from Earth, from close to the moon and on the moon," wrote Radboud University astronomer Marc Klein Wolt, the project lead for Queqiao's radio instrument, in an email. "This will pave the way for a future large radio facility on the moon to study the very early universe in the period before the first stars where formed."
            Not all of Chang'e-4's instruments are Chinese. The mission's scientists teamed up with German researchers to install a particle detector on the lander, and Swedish researchers put an ion detector on the rover. The radio-telescope instrument on Queqiao is a joint Dutch-Chinese effort.
            Why doesn't the U.S. have an instrument aboard Chang'e-4?
            Even if NASA and CNSA wanted to, it'd be very difficult for the U.S. space agency to work with China legally. A rule nicknamed the Wolf amendmentforbids NASA from working with any Chinese entity unless the project is explicitly authorized by Congress or certified by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation.
            The rule's proponents argue that it helps U.S. national security, since CNSA has ties to China's military, and space technologies can be used for both peace and war. However, many scientists in the U.S. have derided the rule as needlessly restrictive, especially since China can already launch humans into space, service its own space stations, and send scientific probes such as Chang'e-4.
            “Maybe this Wolf amendment doesn’t have any teeth, except to prohibit cooperation that would be of benefit to all,” Neal says. “You have to have international collaboration.”
            There are models for countries cooperating in space even when tensions persist back on Earth. During the Cold War, the U.S. worked with the U.S.S.R. for projects such as the Apollo-Soyuz mission. Some observers, such as Apollo 11 astronaut Michael Collins, even advocated for the U.S. and the Soviet Union to embark on a joint Mars mission. (Read Collins's plan in the November 1988 issue of National Geographic magazine.)
            What's next in lunar exploration?
            China has big plans for its lunar exploration program. Its next mission, Chang'e-5, will attempt to land on the moon's surface and return samples to Earth. If China is successful, it would be just the third country to send stuff back from the moon, and the second country to do so with robots. While details are slim, Chinese researchers outlining the country's post-2020 moon plans have also discussed sending humans to the moon and building a base there.
            They're not alone. The European Space Agency has announced its goal of building a “moon village.” ISRO, the Indian space agency, will soon launch its Chandrayaan-2 probe to the moon's south pole. And NASA is working with private companies to send more scientific payloads to the moon while outlining bold—if vague—ambitions to place a “gateway” space station near the moon in the 2020s.
            “If at some point we can marshal the world's resources to do these things, we're going to be a lot better off,” says Kurt Klaus, the commercial lead for the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group, which supports NASA's moon missions. “But how far away we are from that, I don't know.”
            This article has been updated with further comment from res


            7楼2019-01-03 20:20
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              地址无法贴在这里,总被百度删除,干脆直接截图地址(见下边截图箭头所示!),有兴趣的吧友可以去看看


              9楼2019-01-03 20:27
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                试试看能否整个复制过来:
                = = =
                这幅来自中国国家航天局(CNSA)的图片描绘了中国的嫦娥四号月球探测器。这艘宇宙飞船是第一个降落在月球背面的。中国刚刚降落在月球的另一边:接下来会发生什么?兰德-罗孚组合在人类或机器人从未涉足过的地方着陆。看看它在那里做了什么,还有什么其他的东西正流向月球表面。MICHAEL GRESHKO,读了6分钟
                2019年1月2日出版
                1月2日晚,以古代月亮女神命名的中国着陆器在月球远端着陆,此前人类和机器人从未在那里冒险过。中国嫦娥四号于12月7日向月球发射,并于12月12日进入绕月轨道。现在,宇宙飞船已经降落在月球表面。
                在这次历史性的着陆之前,关于嫦娥四号着陆的细节很少。CNSA是出了名的神秘;最近一次更新是在12月30日,当时官员们表示,飞船已进入最后一次着陆前轨道。在着陆前,世界各地的科学家和爱好者们聚集在网上论坛和推特上,一边窃窃私语,一边阅读消息灵动的记者、微博账号和追踪嫦娥四号轨道的业余天文学家的最新消息。
                然而,一旦确认嫦娥四号着陆,不确定性就被喜悦所取代。
                “这真是一个历史性的时刻,我非常非常激动!”中国地质大学行星地球科学家肖龙(音)在收到着陆消息后不久就给《国家地理》杂志发了一封电子邮件。“随着着陆器和漫游者的成功着陆和拍照,我期待着看到远方的真实面貌!”
                “我个人对嫦娥四号的成功着陆感到非常兴奋和自豪,因为这不仅是一个令人印象深刻的成就,而且具有许多科学潜力,”山东大学威海分校的月球地质学家乐桥补充说。
                想知道更多关于这个任务,它的科学目标,以及它的全球意义吗?我们已经搞定你了。
                嫦娥四号是什么?它的着陆有什么意义?
                嫦娥四号探测器是中国国家航天局(CNSA)向月球发射的最新任务。前两次探月任务是轨道飞行器,第三次是兰德-罗孚(lander-rover)组合,2013年成功登陆月球近侧。嫦娥4号由着陆器、月球车、中继卫星组成,目标是在月球较远的一侧轻轻着陆。(参见嫦娥三号任务的精彩照片。)
                中国嫦娥4号探测器在月球远端历史性软着陆后,传回了世界上第一张月球远端的近距离照片
                - CGTN (@ cgtnoffofficial) 2019年1月3日
                “这是第一次,”圣母大学行星科学家克莱夫·尼尔说,他是研究月球地质的专家。“嫦娥4号代表了第一次有国家试图在月球的远端发射软着陆器,然后部署探测器进行探索。”
                “返回的数据应该为我们提供有价值的信息,从从未接触过的一面揭示月球的秘密!”肖钢写道。“祝我好运!”
                等等,月球的另一边是什么?
                月球绕地球运行已经超过45亿年了,在这段时间里,地球的引力作用迫使月球的自转速度与其轨道同步。因此,月球都是绕地轴旋转,每28天绕地球一圈。这意味着月球的同一侧总是面对着地球,而远侧是我们从地球表面看不到的那一半。
                0:21机翻


                IP属地:北京来自Android客户端11楼2019-01-03 21:07
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                  2026-04-07 03:48:59
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                  来自手机贴吧13楼2019-04-17 19:20
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                    国家地理的文章啊,看来地理天文不分家


                    IP属地:北京来自iPhone客户端14楼2019-04-17 19:32
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                      没有发现有价值的信息


                      IP属地:广东15楼2019-04-17 19:40
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                        你不能谷歌翻译下在截图吗


                        来自Android客户端16楼2019-04-17 20:03
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