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This artist's impression from the China National Space Administration (CNSA) depicts China's Chang'e-4 lunar probe. The spacecraft is the first ever to land on the moon's far side.ILLUSTRATION BY EPA/CHINA NATIONAL SPACE ADMINISTRATION / HANDOUTSCIENCE & INNOVATIONSTARSTRUCKChina just landed on the far side of the moon: What comes next?The lander-rover combo touched down where no human or robot has ventured before. Find out what it's doing there, and what else is headed for the lunar surface.6 MINUTE READBY MICHAEL GRESHKO
PUBLISHED JANUARY 2, 2019
On the evening of January 2, a Chinese lander named for an ancient moon goddess touched down on the lunar far side, where no human or robot has ever ventured before. China's Chang'e-4 mission launched toward the moonon December 7 and entered orbit around our cosmic companion on December 12. Now, the spacecraft has alighted onto the lunar surface.
Leading up to the historic touchdown, details on Chang'e-4's landing were few and far between. CNSA is notoriously secretive; the last update offered was on December 30, when officials stated that the spacecraft had entered its final pre-landing orbit. Around the world, scientists and enthusiasts huddled in online forums and on Twitter before the landing, trading whispers as they read the latest from well-sourced journalists, Weibo accounts, and amateur astronomers tracking Chang'e-4's orbit.
Once confirmation came that Chang'e-4 touched down, though, uncertainty gave way to joy.
"It's really a historic time, and I am very very excited!" Long Xiao, a planetary geoscientist at the China University of Geosciences, wrote in an email to National Geographic just after he received word of the landing. "With the successful landing and taking pictures by both the lander and rover soon, I am looking forward to see the real face of the far side!"
"I personally feel very excited and proud of the successful landing of Chang'e-4, as this is not only a really impressive accomplishment, but also has many scientific potentials," added Le Qiao, a lunar geologist at Shandong University, Weihai.
Want to know more about the mission, its scientific goals, and its global significance? We've got you covered.
What is Chang'e-4, and what's significant about its landing?
The Chang'e-4 probe is the latest mission sent to the moon by CNSA, the Chinese space agency. The first two lunar missions were orbiters, and the third was a lander-rover combo that successfully landed on the near side of the moon in 2013. Chang'e-4 consists of a lander and a rover, as well as a relay satellite, and its goal is to set down gently on the lunar far side. (See stunning pictures from the Chang'e-3 mission.)
#China's Chang'e-4 probe sends back world's first close shot of moon's far side after historic soft landing on uncharted area
https://t.co/OckokVjnh8pic.twitter.com/ReORkkPcq3— CGTN (@CGTNOfficial) January 3, 2019
“It's the first of its kind,” says Notre Dame planetary scientist Clive Neal, an expert on the moon's geology. “Chang'e-4 represents the first time that any nation has attempted to put down a soft lander on the far side of the moon, to then deploy a rover to explore.”
"The retuned data should provide us valuable information to disclose the secrets of our moon, from the never-touched side!" Xiao wrote. "My fingers are crossed!"
Wait, what's the far side of the moon?
The moon has orbited Earth for more than 4.5 billion years, and over that time, Earth's gravitational tug has forced the moon's rotation speed to sync up with its orbit. As a result, the moon both rotates on its axis and orbits Earth once every 28 days. That means the same side of the moon always faces Earth, and the far side is the half we can't see from the planet's surface.
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