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找到了关于将生铁PIG IRON脱碳制作成锻铁的Osmond process的资料。
Osmond iron (also spelt osmund and also called osborn) was wrought iron made by a particular process. This is associated with the first European production of cast iron in furnaces such as Lapphyttan in Sweden.
奥斯蒙铁Osmond iron(或者被写为osmund 和osborn)是通过特定工艺制作成的锻铁的名称,有关的生产工艺是欧洲最早的铸铁产地如瑞典的Lapphyttan所采用的。
Osmonds appear in some of the earliest English Customs accounts, for example in 1325.[2] The kappe a Swedish iron weight used for osmond occurs in a commercial treaty in Novgorod in 1203, and this implies the production of osmond iron.[3]
奥斯蒙的记录最早出现在英国海关入口的记录清单中,例如1325年的记录。1203年一份诺夫哥罗德的商业条约中记录了瑞典进口的瑞典进口的奥斯蒙铁的重量,并反映出了奥斯蒙铁当时的产量。
Osmond iron was made by melting pig iron in a hearth that is narrower and deeper than a typical finery in an English finery forge. The hearth had a charcoal fire blown with bellows through a tuyere. As the iron melted, the drops fell though the blast and congealed. They were then lifted with an iron bar into the blast. As they melted they were caught on the end of a large staff, held in the fire and turned rapidly so that the drops spread out, forming a ball.
奥斯蒙铁是通过在一个比普通英国锻铁炉更窄也更深的炉膛将生铁熔化后制作成的。该炉膛以人工鼓风管道通风的木炭火焰进行加热。生铁被鼓风的炉焰熔化后形成熔融的铁水滴落并凝固在炉中,然后被工人以铁棒抬到火焰中。待其熔化后重新聚集成为一块,在火焰中继续加热并快速搅动使其展开,最后盘成一个铁球。


IP属地:广东18楼2018-03-22 23:18
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    Osmonds reached England during the later Middle Ages through the port of Danzig (now Gdańsk). However, there were hammer mills in its hinterland and that of Lübeck, which made the osmonds into bar iron. In the 1620s, Gustav II Adolf of Sweden prohibited his subjects from exporting unfinished iron, and all trade in osmonds ceased
    奥斯蒙铁在中世纪晚期通过坦泽(格但斯克)出口到英国,但是需要运到内陆的韩特兰和吕比克才有水力锻锤锻作坊,并在那被锻打成为铁棒。1620年代,瑞典的阿道夫古斯塔夫2世禁止出口半成品的铁料,因此奥斯蒙铁的贸易都被终止了。


    IP属地:广东20楼2018-03-22 23:30
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      2026-04-04 14:04:18
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      IP属地:广东23楼2018-03-22 23:35
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        The osmond process was also used in the county of Mark in Westphalia, in southern Germany and Switzerland.[6]
        The process was introduced to Wales in connection with the establishment by William Humfrey and others of wireworks at Tintern in 1566, an enterprise that was shortly afterwards taken over by the Company of Mineral and Battery Works.[7] Humfrey arranged to bring an expert maker of Osmond iron, Corslett Tinkhaus, from southwest Westphalia, where the production had reached a high level of technical proficiency. Tinkhaus arrived in Wales in 1567 and began working at Rhydygwern in the Glamorgan part of the lordship of Machen. This was where the first Machen Forge was, and he was evidently making osmond iron there. The iron was apparently forged with a tilt hammer, rather than the helve hammer, usual in finery forges. This was the raw material for the wireworks at Tintern. Osmond iron was made at Pontypool in the 18th century to supply wireworks there, and one of the forges there was still called the 'Osborn Forge' in the 19th century.[8]
        翻译见20楼的回复。


        IP属地:广东24楼2018-03-22 23:39
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          神仙打架,我等渣渣表示捞到了不少干货∽


          IP属地:浙江来自Android客户端25楼2018-03-23 17:22
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            该楼层疑似违规已被系统折叠 查看此楼


            IP属地:广东26楼2018-03-26 16:32
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