Bison herd in the Southern Carpathians attacked by a pack of feral stray dogs
21. January 2016
During the bison monitoring conducted by the bison rangers in the Southern Carpathians last week, four of the 30 bison in Armeniș were found dead. The weakest bison in the herd were outcast by the rest of the group and as a result they became more vulnerable to predators. At least two of them were attacked by a pack of stray dogs that formed in the area.
The winter season is a challenging time for the herd of bison that were released in this area in 2014 and 2015, as they are still adapting to the natural environment here. In this period, their search for food puts a serious strain to their condition. The weakest animals might get left out of the herd through a process of natural selection, thereby reducing the risk to the herd by attracting predators. Sadly, this is exactly what happened.

Bison and dog tracks
Alexandru Bulacu / Rewilding Europe
Rewilding Europe and WWF Romania’s local experts investigated the area where the attacks occurred, together with a veterinarian and members of the local hunting association. They analysed the data, the tracks around the bodies, as well as the photos and videos from the camera traps mounted in the area, and concluded that a pack of stray dogs attacked at least two of the bison, both males.
The fiercest predator in the area, a pack of dogs
A pack of 15 feral dogs has formed in the area and has adapted to live in the wild, without any human care or control. They are not natural predators, but are living off of the wildlife in the area. The long term impact on the trophic chain and consequences are yet to be fully understood. Eight individuals of this pack have been recorded on camera traps that Rewilding Europe and WWF placed in the area, and members of the local hunting association observed all 15 dogs feeding off the body of one of the bison. This pack is now the strongest group of predators in the area, predating on wildlife species like red and roe deer, wild boar and rabbit, in an unfair competition to the local wolf population which faces a reduced natural prey base and as a result lower survival rates.

The camera trap photos and footage confirm the presence of a small number of wolves in the area. Locals, especially sheep owners, confirm the disappearance of a number of domestic animals during last year. Tracks observed by members of the local hunting association show that a wild boar was also chased and hunted down by dogs.
A recent study conducted by the Association for the Conservation of Biological Diversity in Romania shows that stray dogs as well as shepherd dogs left unattended have a negative impact on wildlife. The impact ranges from the transmission of various diseases, to attacks on a variety of wildlife. Hunting ground managers frequently complain about attacks on fauna by unattended or stray dogs, which form groups or packs and kill wild animals.
Moreover, their breeding rate is significantly higher than that of the wolf since all of the females reproduce, not just the alpha female as is the case in wolf packs. The female dogs are also available for mating all year round, while the wolf sticks to one specific mating period. It takes two generations for these dogs to acclimatise to the life in the wild. The high density of stray dogs is directly or indirectly nurtured by humans as their settlements are a source of food and shelter. As a result, stray dogs and unattended sheep dogs are powerful competitors to natural predators, and might hybridise with wolves, which is a threat to wild wolf populations as well. Mihai Pop, expert at the Association for the Conservation of Biological Diversity estimates there roughly 40 feral dogs on each hunting ground in Romania, with an even higher density in places neighbouring human settlements, bringing the total number of these stray dogs to tens of thousands.
Anca Tomescu, Competence Center Stray Animal Care Director, at Vier Pfoten Romania believes that “the solutions offered by the current legislation in Romania to address the stray dogs issue is inefficient and encourages abandonment. Vier Pfoten is open to collaboration with local authorities and NGOs to implement sustainable and non-violent methods in order to reduce the number of feral dogs”.
Measures to diminish the numbers of stray dogs in the wild

Feral dogs
Alexandru Bulacu / Rewilding Europe
First of all, WWF Romania is addressing the urgent situation in Armeniș with the local stakeholders, to avoid that more bison might be killed in this area.
Furthermore, Rewilding Europe and WWF Romania propose urgent measures be taken to address this problem at a national level. First, a multi-disciplinary working group must be formed and should include national environmental authorities, hunting ground administrators, animal welfare NGOs, nature conservation NGOs, wildlife experts and local authorities to implement urgent actions such as:
Awareness campaigns about the responsible use of dogs and capacity building actions for the treatment (parasite cleaning, vaccination) and sterilisation of stray dogs;
Sheep breeders should not be using mixed breed dogs, but traditional shepherd dog breeds as well as adequately feed, vaccinate and equip their dogs with a collar that avoids dogs escaping or go on a hunt (a so-called yoak);
Action plans developed to reduce dog abandonment as well as sanction it according to national legislation and resources made available to capture them;
Research conducted to study the spatial and behavioural interactions between dogs and wildlife, especially carnivores. The level of competition between large carnivores and stray dogs that have adapted to the wild is largely unknown;
An adequate evaluation and monitoring of the population, density and group structures of stray dogs at national level is needed to be able to organise an efficient intervention in order to diminish the dog numbers roaming natural habitats.
The simple fact that these dogs have managed to hunt down Europe’s largest mammal, including the first bison calf conceived and born in the wild in the Southern Carpathians, is evidence of the scale of the danger they pose to wildlife. Vanatori Neamt Natural Park, the first bison rewilding site in Romania where 20 bison are roaming free has a wolf pack, yet has not attacked the bison there. The incidents in Armeniș are a wake-up call for an issue ignored by competent authorities for too long.

链接：https://www.rewildingeurope.com/news/bison-herd-in-the-southern-carpathians-attacked-by-a-pack-of-feral-stray-dogs/
里面有视频

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它们的群体关系。。。结群原因。。。

其他地方的 流浪狗群还干了 另一件大事。。。我有点不信 就不发了。。

holy shit

666

二营长，你他娘的翻译呢

欧洲野牛角比美洲野牛长

当上周野牛公园的管理员在监测野牛群在南喀尔巴阡山的活动的时候。阿曼尼斯的30头野牛中的四头被发现已死亡。被遗弃的最虚弱的野牛在兽群休息的时候会变得非常脆弱成为捕食者的猎物。至少两头野牛被在那个区域形成的一群流浪狗袭击。
冬季对在2014和15年放归在这个区域的野牛群是一个极大的挑战，他们依旧在适应那里的自然环境，在这个时期，流浪狗搜索食物会对牛群带来一个非常严重的伤害，面对这个情况。最虚弱的动物会被兽群抛弃，这是一个自然选择的过程，为了减少吸引捕食者的风险，但不幸的是这确确实实发生了
野化欧洲和wwf罗马尼亚的当地专家调查了这个区域所发生的袭击。他们分析了数据，在尸体旁的脚印和放在这个区域的陷阱照相机所拍摄的相片和视频，他们推断是一群流浪狗袭击了至少两头野牛，并且两头都是雄性
一群15只流浪狗在这个区域形成，并且已经适应了野外生活，没有任何人类的照料和控制，它们不是自然的捕食者。但是他们会吃掉这个区域的野生动物，在很长的一段时间内影响这里的食物链，这样的结果是可以被充分理解的。八个这个群体中的流浪狗已经被野化欧洲和wwf放在这个区域陷阱相机记录，当地狩猎组织的成员观察到所有15只狗都正在吃野牛的尸体。这个群体是现在这个区域最强大的捕食者它们会捕食野生动物像赤鹿和獐，野猪和兔子。在和当地狼群的非公平竞争中。狼会面对一个减少的自然猎物基础，结果是带来更低的生存率。
陷阱相机的照片和视频证明了小群狼群在这个区域的存在。当地人尤其是牧羊人证明了去年一群当地动物的消失，当地狩猎组织的成员观察到这些狗追逐并猎杀了一头野猪。
一个近期的罗马尼亚生物学多样化保护组织的研究发现流浪狗已经和无人看管的牧羊犬一样给当地野生动物带来一个消极的影响，这个影响的范围从不同疾病的传播到不同种类的野生动物被袭击。狩猎场的经理频繁的抱怨。在野生动物身上的袭击源自于无人看管的流浪狗。这些动物会捕杀野生动物
更可怕的是他们的繁殖率已经远远超过狼群。自从一些雌性狗开始繁殖，最初只是一只雌狗在狼群中的事件发生，雌狗终年都可以交配，当狼坚持只在一个时期交配。狗已经繁殖了两代并且能适应野外的生活，高密度的流浪狗直接或间接的被人类的居留地的食物和避难所提供营养，结果就是流浪狗和被遗弃的牧羊犬会成为自然捕食者有力的竞争对手。并且很有可能和狼杂交，这样就会威胁野生狼群。生物多样化保护组织的专家mihai pop预测，在罗马尼亚的每一个狩猎场就有40只流浪狗。在人类居留地附近时会有一个更高的密度，并且带来一个更高的数量，这些流浪狗可以达到一万只之多
anca tomescu流浪动物中心的总监，相信依照罗马尼亚立法机构所提供的方法去解决这些流浪狗的问题是无效的，并且会鼓励遗弃行为！vier pfoten开始了与官方的合作并实施了可持续非暴力的方法去减少这些流浪狗的数量。

以上是本文的部分翻译，最后一段还没来得及翻，明天即可完成

野化所有的开始，世界野生动物基金会罗马尼亚分部已经在和当地股份持有者一起定位了这个在亚美尼亚的紧急情况，为的是避免更多的野牛会在这个区域被猎杀，此外，野化欧洲和世界野生动物基金会罗马尼亚分建议采取这个问题国家层面的紧急测量措施，首先，一个经多方面训练的工作小组必须形成，它应该包括国家环境署的官员，动物福利非政府组织，环境保护非政府组织，野生动物官员和当地政府官员，为的是执行紧急的行动就像有意识的关于狗使用的责任宣传和关于待遇的庇护所修建（寄生虫清理，接种育苗）和对于流浪狗的绝育，牧羊人不能使用杂交狗，但是传统的牧羊犬繁育需要足够的喂食，接种疫苗和给狗带项圈去避免他们逃跑或去捕猎行动计划执行去学习狗和野生动物空间和行为学的互动，特别是食肉动物，大型食肉动物和狗的竞争等级是否已经适应了野外还是一个巨大的未知数，，一个足够的评估和检测关于流浪狗种群，密度，和族群结构，这个国家层面的东西需要被有能力的组织一个有效的介入去消除自爱自然环境下的流浪狗，，一个简单的因素是这些狗会捕杀欧洲最大的哺乳动物，包括野牛犊，怀孕母牛和出生在野外的在南carpathian，这是一个它们威胁野生动物的证据，vanatori neament自然公园，最初的野牛野化场所在罗马尼亚当20头野牛自由的游荡在有一个狼群的地方，这个地方的牛还没被攻击过，这个亚美尼亚的证据是为被有决定权的官员忽视很久的问题敲响的警钟