Properties
1. Every node is either red or black.
2. The root is black.
3. Every leaf ( NIL ) is black.
4. If a node is red, then both its children are black.
5. For each node, all simple paths from the node to descendant leaves contain the
same number of black nodes.
性质
1、节点为红色或黑色
2、根节点为黑色
3、叶子节点(空节点)为黑色
4、节点为红色,则其两个孩子节点都是黑色
5、对于每个节点,所有从该节点到叶子节点的简单路径都包含相同个数的黑色节点。