可以这样模拟:
@ echo off & setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set "srcFile=D:\Test\a.txt"
set "dstFile=E:\Test\a.txt"
call :Loop "%dstFile%"
copy "%srcFile%" "%dstFile%"
pause & exit/b
:Loop
if exist "%dstFile%" set /a n+=1 & set "dstFile=%~dpn1(!n!)%~x1" & goto :Loop