http://ic.ucsc.edu/~acr/BeringResources/Articles%20of%20interest/Central%20Artic/Jackson%20and%20Gunnarsson%201990.pdf

新的航空物探研究欧亚大陆盆地和罗蒙诺索夫山脊：流域开发的启示
在1998年和1999年，新的航空物探调查北冰洋的欧亚盆地生产的第一置的重力和磁力测量，盆地西半部。
These data increase the density and extend the coverage of the US Navy aeromagnetic data from the 1970s.
这些数据的密度增加，从20世纪70年代，美国海军的航空磁测数据的覆盖面扩大。
The new data reveal prominent bends in the isochrons that provide solid geometrical constraints for plate reconstructions.
新的数据显示突出的弯曲等时线板重组提供了坚实的几何约束。
Tentative identification of anomaly 25 in the Eurasia Basin links early basin opening to spreading in the Labrador Sea before the locus of spreading in the North Atlantic shifted to the Norwegian-Greenland Sea.
暂定识别异常25欧亚大陆盆地链接早期盆地开幕前拉布拉多海蔓延的轨迹分布在北大西洋转移到挪威，格陵兰海。
With the opening of the Labrador Sea, Greenland began ∼200 km of northward movement relative to North America and eventually collided with Svalbard, Ellesmere Island, and the nascent Eurasia ocean basin.
随着对外开放的拉布拉多海，格陵兰开始北移相对于北美和最终相撞，斯瓦尔巴群岛，埃尔斯米尔岛和新生的欧亚海盆〜200公里。
Both gravity and magnetic data sets reconstructed to times prior to chron 13 show a prominent linear anomaly oriented orthogonal to the spreading center and immediately north of the Yermak Plateau and Morris Jesup Rise.
重力和磁力数据集重建之前，历代志上13倍显示出突出的线性异常面向垂直传播中心，并立即北部的的叶尔马克高原的和莫里斯杰塞普上升。
This anomaly may mark the locus of shortening and possibly subduction as Greenland collided with the nascent Eurasia Basin and impinged upon the southern Gakkel Ridge.
这种异常可能标志着格陵兰相撞新生的欧亚流域和南部加科尔山脊紧挨着缩短，并可能俯冲的轨迹。
This collision may have contributed to volcanism on the Morris Jesup Rise.
这种碰撞可能导致火山莫里斯杰塞普上升。
By chron 13, Greenland had ended its northward motion and had become fixed to North America, and the plateau north of Greenland had rifted apart to become the Morris Jesup Rise and the Yermak Plateau.
chron的13，格陵兰岛已经结束了其向北运动，已成为固定北美，格陵兰高原北部割开除了成为莫里斯的杰塞普上升和叶尔马克高原，。

北极海洋地质考察（MAGE）摩尔曼斯克，俄罗斯在1990年收购的多道地震反射数据提供北极地区的地质结构在77-80°，东经115-133°E，其中欧亚盆地的第一个视图北冰洋毗邻变换被动大陆边缘的拉普捷夫海。
South of 80°N, the oceanic basement of the Eurasia Basin and continental basement of the Laptev Sea outer margin are covered by 1.5 to 8 km of sediments.
80°N以南，海洋地下室欧亚盆地和大陆基底的拉普捷夫海外缘的1.5到8公里的沉积物覆盖。
Two structural sequences are distinguished in the sedimentary cover within the Laptev Sea outer margin and at the continent/ocean crust transition: the lower rift sequence, including mostly Upper Cretaceous to Lower Paleocene deposits, and the upper post-rift sequence, consisting of Cenozoic sediments.
两种结构的序列来区分内沉积盖层拉普捷夫海外缘，并在大陆/海洋地壳的过渡：较低的裂谷层序，包括多为上白垩统下古存款，上裂谷后序列，由新生代沉积物。
In the adjoining Eurasia Basin of the Arctic Ocean, the Cenozoic post-rift sequence consists of a few sedimentary successions deposited by several submarine fans.在北冰洋毗邻欧亚盆地，新生代裂谷后的序列由几个海底扇沉积了几沉积序列。
Based on the multichannel seismic reflection data, the structural pattern was determined and an isopach map of the sedimentary cover and tectonic zoning map were constructed.
基于多道地震反射数据，结构模式，确定和构造沉积盖层等厚图和构造区划图。
A location of the continent/ocean crust transition is tentatively defined.
大陆/海洋地壳过渡的位置暂时定义。
A buried continuation of the mid-ocean Gakkel Ridge is also detected.
埋延续的大洋中加科尔的岭也检测。
This study suggests that south of 78.5°N there was the cessation in the tectonic activity of the Gakkel Ridge Rift from 33–30 until 3–1 Ma and there was no sea-floor spreading in the southernmost part of the Eurasia Basin during the last 30–33 my South of 78.5°N all oceanic crust of the Eurasia Basin near the continental margin of the Laptev Sea was formed from 56 to 33–30 Ma.
这项研究表明，南部78.5°N“是从33-30的加科尔岭裂谷构造活动停止，直到3-1马有没有海底扩张在欧亚大陆盆地最南端的一部分，在过去30-33我的南78.5°N欧亚大陆盆地靠近大陆边缘的拉普捷夫海所有的大洋地壳形成56至33-30马。

http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/151_IR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/ir151_01.pdf
又是英文，看不懂

美亚和加拿大盆地的地质构造发育，北冰洋
美亚盆地是逆时针旋转开一个极点净重加拿大麦肯齐河谷的两个阶段的产物。
Phase 1 opening brought ocean–continent transition crust (serpentinized peridotite?) to near the seafloor of the proto-Amerasia Basin, created detachment on the Eskimo Lakes Fault Zone of the Canadian Arctic margin and thinned the continental crust between the fault zone and the proto-Amerasia Basin to the west, beginning about 195 Ma and ending prior to perhaps about 160 Ma.
第1阶段开放带来了海陆过渡地壳（蛇纹石化橄榄岩）附近的海底创建支队爱斯基摩湖断裂带加拿大北极边缘变薄之间的大陆地壳的断裂带和原原美亚盆地，美亚盆地西部，约195 Ma开始和结束前或许大概160马。
The symmetry of the proto-Amerasia Basin was disrupted by clockwise rotation of the Chukchi Microcontinent into the basin from an original position along the Eurasia margin about a pole near 72°N, 165 W about 145.5–140 Ma.
原美亚盆地的对称性被破坏由楚科奇微顺时针旋转倒入盆内，约145.5-140麻沿欧亚大陆边缘约72°N附近的一极，165 W从原来的位置。
Phase 2 opening enlarged the proto-Amerasia Basin by intrusion of mid-ocean ridge basalt along its axis between about 131 and 127.5 Ma.
第2阶段扩大开放原美亚盆地洋中脊玄武岩沿其轴线约131和127.5马之间的入侵。
Following intrusion of the Phase 2 crust an oceanic volcanic plateau, the Alpha–Mendeleev Ridge LIP (large igneous province), was extruded over the northern Amerasia Basin from about 127 to 89–75 Ma.
第2阶段的地壳海洋火山高原的入侵之后，阿尔法门捷列夫海岭LIP（大火成岩省），被挤压在美亚盆地北部约127至89-75马。
Emplacement of the LIP halved the area of the Amerasia Basin, and the area lying south of the LIP became the Canada Basin.
安置唇美亚盆地面积减半，并成为加拿大海盆区地势南唇。

要更紧密地划定美亚盆地是北冰洋的年龄和演化，分手不整合已确定沉积盆地中的一个或多个下列条件的基础上，沿加拿大盆地边缘。
(1) Strata underlying such an unconformity are cut by major normal faults which extend into the basement, whereas strata overlying the unconformity are relatively unfaulted.
(1）基本地层不整合被切断主要正断层延伸到地下室，而覆地层不整合面相对无故障。
(2) A major decrease in subsidence rate in the marginal basins coincides with the time of breakup and the formation of the unconformity.
(2）边缘盆地沉降速率下降的一个主要恰逢随着时间的解体和不整合面的形成。
(3) Volcanic rocks occur beneath the unconformity.
（3）不整合下的火山岩发生。
The widespread late Albian-Cenomanian unconformity is interpreted to be the breakup unconformity and thus this time interval would coincide with the initiation of sea-floor spreading in the Amerasia Basin.
后期的广泛阿尔布期森诺曼被解释为分手不整合不整合，因此，这个时间间隔将配合美亚盆地的海底开始蔓延。
Sea-floor spreading and the opening of the Amerasia Basin by the counterclockwise rotation of northern Alaska and adjacent northern Siberia away from the Canadian Arctic Islands are interpreted to have occurred during Late Cretaceous time and to have ceased near the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary when the active plate margin switched to the site of the present Eurasia Basin.
海底扩张和阿拉斯加北部和西伯利亚北部相邻远从加拿大北极群岛由逆时针旋转开幕美亚盆地被解释为发生在晚白垩世的时间，当活动已经停止的白垩纪 - 第三纪界线附近板块边缘切换到现场本欧亚大陆流域。

@七子love @梦静永远 @布丁_evil @xlswitballance

http://www.google.com.hk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=canada%20basin&source=web&cd=26&ved=0CE0QFjAFOBQ&url=%68%74%74%70%3a%2f%2f%61%72%63%74%69%63%2e%73%79%6e%65%72%67%69%65%73%70%72%61%69%72%69%65%73%2e%63%61%2f%61%72%63%74%69%63%2f%69%6e%64%65%78%2e%70%68%70%2f%61%72%63%74%69%63%2f%61%72%74%69%63%6c%65%2f%64%6f%77%6e%6c%6f%61%64%2f%32%38%38%36%2f%32%38%36%33&ei=e4f4UavHF4G-kAX4kICYDA&usg=AFQjCNHWkebYAou6T4e5C7-eDKHIsmxdAA&bvm=bv.49967636,d.dGI&cad=rjt
http://www.ocean-sci.net/9/447/2013/os-9-447-2013.pdf
http://ic.ucsc.edu/~acr/BeringResources/Articles%20of%20interest/Canadian%20Basin/Yamamoto-Kawai%20et%20al%20in%20press.pdf

在北冰洋海冰面积大幅缩水在21世纪的第一个十年，特别是在加拿大海盆多年，第一年冰更大的损失比在其他三个子流域。
Using data collected during basin-wide surveys conducted from 2003–2010 together with data collected during the 1990s and 2000s at one station in the southern Canada Basin, we investigate the response of the Canada Basin water column to this significant decrease in ice cover.
连同收集的数据在20世纪90年代和21世纪初在加拿大海盆南部一站2003-2010年的全流域调查期间收集的数据，我们调查的响应加拿大海盆水柱这个冰雪覆盖的显着减少。
Changes were evident from the surface down to the Atlantic layer: some changes were the result of Beaufort Gyre forcing on regional processes, others were the result of Arctic Ocean atmospheric forcing on a hemispheric scale and large-scale advection.
变化是显而易见的，从地表向下大西洋层：一些变化波弗特环流强迫区域进程的结果，别人半球的规模和大规模平流北冰洋大气强迫的结果。
These changes have troubling consequences for the ecosystem.
这些变化困扰的生态系统的后果 –
多年高，尤其是在加拿大海盆，北极海冰覆盖面积已经很差的研究。
It may be that these areas, which form oases for species aggregations and production in the central Arctic, are the most sensitive to global climate change -- yet we know very little about them.
这些领域，形成物种的聚合和生产在北极中部的绿洲，这可能是全球气候变化最敏感的 - 但我们知道他们知之甚少。

加科尔岭（前身为南森山脉和北极大洋中脊的加科尔岭 ） 是一个洋中脊 ， 北美板块和欧亚板块之间的发散构造板块边界。 它位于北冰洋 格陵兰和西伯利亚之间，并具有约1800公里的长度。
Geologically, it connects the northern end of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the Laptev Sea Rift .
地质上，它连接拉普捷夫海裂谷 中大西洋海岭的北端。
The existence and approximate location of the Gakkel Ridge were predicted by Soviet polar explorer Yakov Yakovlevich Gakkel , and confirmed on Soviet expeditions in the Arctic around 1950.
苏联极地探险家雅科夫·雅科夫列维奇·加科尔的存在和大致位置对加科尔岭进行了预测，并证实苏联在北极探险。1950年左右，
The Ridge is named after him, and the name was recognized in April 1987 by SCUFN (under that body's old name, the Sub-Committee on Geographical Names and Nomenclature of Ocean Bottom Features).
岭以他的名字命名，1987年4月被确认的名称SCUFN （根据该机构的旧名，地名和海底特征的命名小组委员会）。
The ridge is the slowest known spreading ridge on earth, with a rate of less than one centimeter per year.
脊是地球上已知的最慢扩张洋脊的速率每年小于1厘米。
Until 1999, it was believed to be non-volcanic; that year, scientists operating from a nuclear submarine discovered active volcanos along it.
直到1999年，它被认为是火山，这一年，从核潜艇的科学家发现了活跃的火山沿。
In 2001 two research icebreakers, the German Polarstern and the American Healy , with several groups of scientists, cruised to the Gakkel Ridge to explore it and collect petrological samples.
在2001年两个研究的破冰船，德国Polarstern号和美国希利 ，几组科学家，巡航的加科尔山脊探索和收集岩石样本。
Among other discoveries, this expedition found evidence of hydrothermal vents .
在其他的发现，本次科考发现的热液喷口的证据。
In 2007, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution conducted the "Arctic Gakkel Vents Expedition" (AGAVE), which made some unanticipated discoveries, including the unconsolidated fragmented pyroclastic volcanic deposits that cover the axial valley of the ridge (whose area is greater than 10 km 2 ).
在2007年， 伍兹霍尔海洋研究所进行“北极加科尔的通风口远征”（龙舌兰），这使得一些意想不到的发现，包括松散分散的火山碎屑的火山沉积物覆盖轴向脊（面积大于10 平方公里的山谷） 。
These suggest volatile substances in concentrations ten times those in the magmas of normal mid-ocean ridges. The AGAVE expedition also discovered on the Gakkel ridge, using "free-swimming" robotic submersibles , what they called "bizarre 'mats' of microbial communities containing a half dozen or more new species".
这些建议的挥发性物质的浓度10倍正常洋中脊岩浆中的。龙舌兰上加科尔脊探险队还发现，使用“自由游泳” ，他们所谓的“离奇”垫“的机器人潜水器微生物群落含有半打或更多的新物种“

欧亚大陆盆地分为两个小流域由 trans-北极海洋扩展的大西洋中部海脊。全球脊系统这北极部分称为南森山脉，它在 60 年代早期的发现后被命名为南森。它是活跃海底传播，与发达的裂谷和侧翼裂谷山脉的轨迹。铁电随机存储器盆地谎言之间南森-哈克尔里奇和罗蒙诺索夫海岭在 14,070 英尺的深度。地理北极位于靠近其时刻罗蒙诺索夫海岭与铁电随机存储器盆地的地板。最小的北冰洋 subbasins，称为南森海盆，谎言南森-哈克尔里奇和欧亚大陆边缘之间和地板 13,800 英尺的深度。