1.fear, frighten, terrify, horrify
fear, frighten, terrify和horrify都有“害怕”的意思,但是其含义不尽相同。
(1)fear最普遍,但语气最弱,它可表示对某事感到不安,也可表示怕受到某事的侵扰。大多数情况下用作及物动词,可接名词、代词、不定式或动名词。例如:
She has always feared mice. 她一向害怕老鼠。
Don't fear to tell the truth. 不要害怕说出真实情况。
He looked out of the window, seeing nothing to fear. 他从窗口往外看,一点也不胆怯。
fear还可以跟that从句,常有“恐怕”的意思。例如:
She feared that she might not find him in his office. 她恐怕在办公室里找不到他。
(2)frighten常用作及物动词,意为“使害怕”,常指没有精神准备,突然受到惊吓而害怕、恐惧;还常用于be
frightened这一结构,后面接of短语或动词不定式。例如:
These words frightened me. 这些话把我吓了一跳。
She was frightened of dogs. 她害怕狗。
He left his gun outside so as not to frighten his wife.
为了不吓着他的妻子,他把枪放在外边。
He was frightened to look down from the top of the tall building.
他害怕从高楼顶往下看。
(3)terrify常用作及物动词,意为“使害怕”“使惊恐”,这种恐惧指客观环境造成的。例如:
The thunderstorm terrified the children. 大雷雨把这孩子吓坏了。
Lili was terrified by his appearance. 他的出现使李利感到害怕。
(4)horrify常用作及物动词,意为“使感到恐怖(震惊)”。例如:
The news will horrify your mother. 这消息会使你母亲感到震惊。
She was horrified at/by the news. 听到这个消息她感到震惊。
自我测试
根据句意,用fear, frighten, terrify和horrify的适当形式填空。
1.The fighters for communism didn't________hardship or death.
2.________by the thunder, the child started crying.
3.________he might be recognized, he decided to go out at night.
4.He was________of being killed in the battle.
5.That sort of thing________people.
6.The sight________them.
7.We were________to hear the news.