莱曼概论英语基础知识中的“ not 主导的句型”问题*****莱曼概论英语基础知识中的“not主导的句型”问题***** 在莱曼英语教学理念中，所谓的系统教学和学习，是指将具有相同特点的语法基础知识汇总在一起，并使之形成由浅入深的阶梯状理论板块，有助于学生在学习时，有对比、有区别地认知，利于学生把握整体知识结构。
在英语基础知识中含有否定词 not 的句型并不很多，除了 not only...but also...句型外，都要进行否定句的处理，也即在英语助动词的帮助下，形成否定句结构，要求学生首先对助动词有所认知。
1. Not ...until...
2. Not... any more(longer)
3. Not...at all
4. Not only...bu also...
详解辨析：
1. not ...until.... 直到....才.....,该句型起源于 till 直到。。。，not +un 双重否定之后，变为肯定，以示强调。
He came back till 12 o'clock last night.
He didn't come back until 12 o'clock last night. Perhaps, there was something wrong with his car.
Children will not go to school until 7 years old. But before going to school, they have to learn a lot of knowledge.
It doesn't rain until late spring in Beijing every year. But there are too many sand-storms in spring.
The boy didn't get up until his mother called him. He was always too lazy to get up in the morning.
2. not... any more(longer) 不再， 再也不
They have worked for 6 hours.The cannot work any longer.
He was not a little boy any longer at that time. He was a grown-up.He should be responsible for what he did.
The little girl ate too many candies at the party.
She couldn't eat any more at the dinner.
The middle-aged man didn't smoke any more until he was seriously ill last autumn.
3. not... at all 完全不，根本不，彻底不
The boy doesn't know the man at all. They are not familiar with each other.
Her parents asked her to practise the piano, but actually, the girl didn't like it at all.
The old man lived by himself in a small village. But he has not any money for heating the room at all.
Most of the studnets didn't know the meaning of the word in the reading comprehension at all.
4. not only...but also... 不但...而且...。严格地讲，该句型不属于否定句型，只不过其中含有否定词 not。因而，在该句型所构成的句子中，无需助动词。学生更应注意的是该句型是莱曼所谓的对等句型，要注意其连接两个主语时的“就近原则”，以及在连接前后两个动词时，形式要一致的原则。
Not only his parents but also his teacher helps the boy learn math. But he is still weak in it.
He not only ate up his hamburger but also ate up mine. I just looked at him without a word.(in silence)
The old man was not only begging in the street but also sleeping in the street. He was a homeless man without any children.
鉴于上述板块状句型属于否定句型（除去 not only... but also...),其共同的重难点为： （1）否定句中助动词的使用
（2）在反义问句中的用法
在学习和复习上述板块状句型时，要求学生将重点部分画上重点符号，以便更加仔细地研读。
