了解了一部分。xx律应该是指某种特定规则,这个规则可以在频率A和2A之间区分出点其他什么特定频率出来构成A,B,C,D,...,2A这样的序列。在平均律之前还有个叫Pythagorean tuning的律,从某个任意基础频率A和一个叫perfect fifth(3:2)的东西出发,...,4A/6,2A/3,A,3A/2,6A/4,...并且如果超过了2A或小于A/2就按泛音关系的频率都看作一个东西规则除以或乘以2或2的n倍数,最后弄出一些大于等于A又小于等于2A的一些频率来,一起13个。但这个Pythagorean tuning的缺陷是:When extending this tuning however, a problem arises: no stack of 3:2 intervals (perfect fifths) will fit exactly into any stack of 2:1 intervals (octaves). For instance a stack such as this, obtained by adding one more note to the stack shown above
A♭—E♭—B♭—F—C—G—D—A—E—B—F♯—C♯—G♯
will be similar but not identical in size to a stack of 7 octaves. More exactly, it will be about a quarter of a semitone larger (see Pythagorean comma). Thus, A♭ and G♯, when brought into the basic octave, will not coincide as expected.
这里看得一知半解。也许它是说按这个规则弄出来的特定频率不能完美的嵌入到...A-2A...这种里面?
@Lucidor_Lucile并且这个Pythagorean tuning会弄出个什么wolf interval出来(不明觉厉),导致它逐渐被其他规则取代了,
From around the 18th century, as the desire grew for instruments to change key, and therefore to avoid a wolf interval, this led to the widespread use of well temperaments and eventually equal temperament.
然后是well temperaments这个东西了。巴赫也有个叫The Well-Tempered Clavier的东西。现在下载了在听,well temperament 的意思是
"Well tempered" means that the twelve notes per octave of the standard keyboard are tuned in such a way that it is possible to play music in most major or minor keys and it will not sound perceptibly out of tune.
看来也不是完美的东西。有许多种well temperament模式,有一些接近equal temperament。
最后是equal temperament。任何2个相邻的note的比率都是一样的。
问题2和问题3还是不知道怎么回事。
@Lucidor_Lucile