书名 Harry Potter as Ring Composition and Ring Cycle
时间 2010
作者 John Granger
文章标题 The Hogwarts Saga as Ring Composition
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What we’re looking for is a story shape that is classical, Christian, and relatively contemporary because that would be a match with the sort of reading Ms. Rowling has done and the natural shape for this pattern focused writer to use as a template for her books and as principle in her decisions about those stories, all the way down to the details of the names. That shape is a circle and the template common to classical, Christian, and relatively contemporary fiction is the Ring Composition.
环形结构在古典文学、基督教文学和当代文学中都很常见。
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I’ve explained above why this shape has its power. I urge you, if you want to know more about the universality of the template across millennia and all cultures to read Thinking in Circles: An Essay on Ring Composition (Yale, 2007) by renowned anthropologist Mary Douglas. In Thinking, she details how stories from Homer’s Iliad to Laurence Sterne’s The Life and Opinions of Tristam Shandy, Gentlemen, to include key passages and books of the Old and New Testaments and epics from
every aural culture living and dead are configured as rings with specific characteristics. She explains that this “macro-structure” is invisible to we analytic modern readers who are focused on plot, language, and theme but that its internal echoing on top of its beginning and end conjunction mark a ring as deliberate artistry.
关于这种跨越数千年和各文化的普遍性模板，如果你想了解更多，可以阅读由著名人类学家玛丽·道格拉斯撰写的论文——Thinking in Circles: An Essay on Ring Composition（Yale, 2007）。在文中，作者详细描述了从荷马的《伊利亚特》到劳伦斯·斯特恩的《项狄传》，还有《旧约》和《新约》，以及尚存或消亡的各民族的史诗，是如何组成环形结构的。她解释道，对于专注于分析情节、语言和主题的现代读者来说，这个“宏观结构”是无形的，但是首尾相接、内部呼应、最终组成环形是一种需要精心设计的艺术技巧。
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For our purposes I think the seven rules can be distilled even further down to just four characteristics:
1. The Beginning and End Meet
2. The Big Turn
3: Parallel Front and Back Halves
4: Rings Within Rings
环形结构的四个特点：
1. 首尾相接
2. 大转折（出现在中间）
3. 前后两部分平行
4. 环中之环

HP的对称结构：
◎ 第1部照应第7部
魔法石与死亡圣器、炼金术、熄灯器、来到和离开德思礼家、小天狼星的摩托车、海德薇、古灵阁、格林德沃、龙、奥利凡德、见到父母、金色飞贼、漂浮咒、圣诞节、纳威、哈利和德拉科和飞天扫帚、莉莉和纳西莎等等。
◎ 第2部照应第6部
博金博克、消失柜、蛋白石项链、诸神黄昏、耶梦加得与芬里尔、返校迟到、校医院、草药课、配置魔药、变形、巨蜘蛛、记忆、凤凰的歌声、50年前的书、魂器、考试推迟等等。
◎ 第3部照应第5部
小天狼星、摄魂怪、守护神、博格特、魔法部、预言、魔法生物、海格的请求、秋张、越狱等等。
◎ 对称轴：第4部，伏地魔复活

Here are my ten favorites from Ms. Odell’s list to make the point that we have a remarkable set of parallels running between Chamber and Prince:
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1. House-Elf, Unloosed, Unhinged: It’s Dobby in the second book who appears at Privet Drive and who more than a few times struggles with the magical laws binding his species. Kreacher comes to the Dursley’s in Prince and has an equally hard time, if for almost the opposite reasons as Dobby did in Chamber.
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2. Famous ‘New’ Professor: Gilderoy Lockhart descends from the heavens in Chamber after an important meeting with Harry before school starts. He starts a Club and organizes a big party for a specific holiday. Horace Slughorn is an accomplished wizard very different than Lockhart, but he, too, meets Harry before classes, craves a special relationship with him, sets up a Slug Club, and has a Christmas party.
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3. Borkin & Burkes Discoveries: In Chamber, Harry takes a wrong turn in a fireplace and winds up inside the Vanishing Cabinet at Borkin and Burkes. He spies on Draco Malfoy while there. In the opening of Prince, Harry once again finds himself spying on Draco as he shops at Borkin and Burkes in Diagon Alley when he should be with the Weasleys. The Vanishing Cabinet and other magical items mentioned in Chamber have great importance and are mentioned again in Prince.
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4. Late, Again? Ron and Harry cannot get to Platform 9 ¾ at King’s Cross Station in Chamber so they fly to school in the Weasley family car and arrive late. They suspect Malfoy is responsible. Prof. Snape greets them and delivers them up for punishment. Harry arrives late in Prince because of Malfoy and, once again, the Potions Professor greets him at the gates to school with flowers and candy (not).
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5. The Potion is the Thing: An incredibly complicated potion to make – Polyjuice Potion and Felix Felicis – plays a critical role in Harry’s getting the information he needs from very resistant Slytherin wizards, young and old.
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6. Weasleys in an Emergency Visit: In Chamber, Arthur and Molly appear when they learn their daughter Ginny has been taken into the Heir of Slytherin’s Death Vault. In Prince, we get a similar parental drop-in when Ron is almost done-in by the after-rememdy pick-me-up Prof. Slughorn gives their youngest boy.
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7. The Room that Cannot Be Found: How do we find and get into the Chamber of Secrets? And, in Prince, Harry is as confounded by the mysteries of where Draco is going, and, then, by his inability to confront him there. Both unplottable ports are the points of entry for Mudblood haters and the Dark Lord’s servants.
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8. The Duel with Severus’ Tools: Harry and Draco go toe-to-toe in Chamber’s Dueling Club. Draco gets the better of Harry because of a spell that Severus Snape gives to his fellow Slytherin; the Potions Master winds up cleaning up the mess and thinking even less of Harry than he did before. They go at it again in Prince and Harry all but kills Draco with a Severus Special, Sectumsempra. Prof. Snape sews up the sliced Malfoy with a song and then punishes Harry.
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9. Phoenix Song at Story’s End: In Chamber, Fawkes sings and delivers Harry because of his faith in the Headmaster. A more melancholy but as edifying and uplifting song from Dumbledore’s familiar after Albus’ death in Prince comforts all those who loved him as Fawkes did.
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10. Hermione’s Disappointment: Exams are cancelled in both Chamber and Prince, the first in celebration of the death of the Dark Lord’s Basilisk and the last in grief over the death of Voldemort’s Bane.
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Pretty exhaustive and exhausting echoing there, no? Here’s an easier way to think of the Chamber-Prince connection that the Red Hen’s 50 links make undeniable:
Chamber and Prince are the two Harry Potter novels that are largely about the Dark Lord.
We meet him in Chamber and learn a good deal of his back story. Prince is largely a story wrapped around Harry and Dumbledore’s repeated trips into the Pensieve to learn Voldy’s secret past.

书名 Harry Potter for Nerds: Essays For Fans, Academics, and Lit Geeks
文章 There and Back Again: The Chiastic Structure of J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter Series
时间 2011
作者 J. Steve Lee
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Literary chiasmus 文学交错法
Chiasmus is a literary structure which mirrors key ideas or phrases in the reverse order of presentation. Sometimes called “reverse parallelism,” “ring structure,” “palistrophes,” “symmetric structure,” or “concentric structures,” chiasmus has been a part of ancient literature such as the Iliad and the Odyssey as well as Beowulf, Paradise Lost, and the Bible.
Rowling has silently but deliberately utilized this literary technique so often incorporated by Homer, Milton, and others.
交错法是一种文学结构，以倒序呈现的方式反映关键思想。交错法有时被称为“反向平行”、“环形结构”、“对称结构”或“同轴结构”，它根植于古典文学，如《伊利亚特》、《奥德赛》、《贝奥武夫》、《失乐园》和《圣经》。罗琳也运用了这种经常被荷马、弥尔顿及其他作家采用的文学技巧。

The Chamber of Secrets and The Half-Blood Prince
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翻倒巷
2 Harry mistakenly Floo powders to Knockturn Alley
6 Follows Draco to Knockturn Alley
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监视德拉科
2 Harry spies on Malfoy throughout the novel
6 Harry spies on Malfoy at Borgin and Burkes and on train
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光荣之手
2 Hand of Glory in Borgin and Burkes
6 Hand of Glory used by Draco in invasion of Hogwarts
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博金-博克的消失柜
2 Harry hides in vanishing cabinet in Borgin and Burkes
6 Vanishing cabinet used to sneak Death Eaters into Hogwarts
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霍格沃茨的消失柜
2 Peeves smashes vanishing cabinet
6 Vanishing cabinet fixed by Malfoy to allow entry into Hogwarts for Death Eaters
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暑假在韦斯莱家
2 Harry stays at the Weasleys’ home
6 Harry stays at the Weasleys’ home
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错过宴会
2 Missed start-of-term feast crashing into Whomping Willow
6 Late to start-of-term feast because of Full Body Bind placed on him by Malfoy
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返校迟到后见到斯内普
2 Snape meets Harry on way to castle to berate him for being late
6 Snape meets Harry on way to castle to berate him for being late
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霍格沃茨特快列车事件
2 Harry can’t get on the Hogwarts Express in time
6 Harry can’t get off the Hogwarts Express in time
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新教师
2 Lockhart a flamboyant/odd teacher
6 Slughorn a flamboyant/odd teacher
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新教师的派对
2 Lockhart organizes a Valentine Day party
6 Slughorn hosts a Christmas party
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俱乐部
2 Lockhart starts a dueling club
6 Slughorn organizes the Slug Club
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被游走球击中
2 Harry hit by rogue bludger during a Quidditch match
6 Harry cracked skull due to a bludger hit by Cormac McLaggen
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校医院
2 Harry hospitalized when arm incompetently deboned by Lockhart
6 Harry hospitalized when hit by bludger playing Quidditch
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多比出现在校医院
2 Visited by Dobby in hospital wing of Hogwarts
6 Visited by Dobby in hospital wing of Hogwarts
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桃金娘
2 Moaning Myrtle introduced
6 Moaning Myrtle appears to comfort Draco, who is worried about the task given to him by Voldemort. After Harry injures Malfoy using Sectumsempra, Myrtle is not hesitant to spread the news throughout the school, screaming that Harry has murdered him
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密室 - 岩洞
2 Climax of story a mysterious underground chamber of secrets connected to Voldemort
6 The climax of novel is a mysterious underground Horcrux cave containing a part of the soul of Voldemort
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科林·克里维 - 罗米达·万尼
2 Colin Creevey is an annoying young Gryffindor student always trying to capture Harry Potter on camera
6 Romilda Vane is a pushy, annoying student in Gryffindor always trying to capture Harry’ heart
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克拉布和高尔
2 Harry and Ron use Polyjuice Potion to turn into Crabbe and Goyle
6 Crabbe and Goyle turn into girls by Polyjuice Potion to guard the Room of Requirement while Malfoy repairing the Vanishing Cabinet
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魔药
2 Hermione develops a complex potion of Polyjuice
6 Felix Felicis potion, another complex brew, is developed
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爱情魔药
2 Love potions mentioned
6 Love potions used
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文前致辞
2 Dedicated to a single person instead of multiple people (as all other books are): Sean Harris (JKR childhood friend)
6 Dedicated to a single person instead of multiple people (as all other books are): Mackenzie (JKR daughter)
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书
2 Ginny attached to a book: Tom Riddle’s diary
6 Harry attached to a book: potions text
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2 Harry helps Ginny get rid of Riddle’s diary
6 Ginny helps Harry get rid of potions book
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凤凰歌声
2 Fawkes the phoenix introduced
6 Fawkes’ single last song at Dumbledore’s death then leaves forever, being a wild phoenix
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新教师的秘密
2 Lockhart has a secret-he is a phony who never actually did any of the heroic acts he
claimed to have done
6 Slughorn has a secret-he gave Tom Riddle information on Horcruxes
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汤姆·里德尔
2 Tom Riddle is in the diary
6 Tom Riddle is in the Pensieve
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2 Harry’s romantic interest in Ginny is introduced
6 Harry’s romantic interest in Ginny is developed
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2 Harry protects Ginny from Basilisk
6 Harry protects Ginny by breaking up with her
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2 Harry hardly gives Ginny a thought, until the Chamber. He is embarrassed by her affections
6 Harry desires her affections and is jealous of the other boys she dates
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鼻涕虫
2 Ron’s wand backfires on him and he ends up spitting up slugs
6 New professor “Slug” horn is introduced
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魂器
2 Horcrux is (unknowingly) introduced in Tom Riddle’s diary
6 Horcrux is developed in chapter twenty three
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摧毁魂器
2 First Horcrux is destroyed (diary of Tom Riddle)
6 Second Horcrux is destroyed (Marvolo Gaunt’s ring)
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巨蜘蛛
2 Aragog, the giant Acromantula, introduced
6 Aragog dies
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蛋白石项链
2 The cursed opal necklace seen by Harry at Borgin and Burkes
6 Opal necklace afflicts Katie Bell as she accidentally touches it
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2 Story revolves around the Horcrux (diary) and end up at a deadly location designed by a Slytherin
6 Story revolves around explaining Horcruxes and ends up at a deadly location designed by a Slytherin

HP采用了对称结构/环形结构。第4部是对称轴（伏地魔在第4部复活），1-7、2-6、3-5在剧情安排上相照应。
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2-6 对称的一小部分：
◎ 金妮·韦斯莱
主要在第二部和第六部出现。
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◎ 魂器
第二部：出现了第一个魂器——日记。
第六部：哈利在冥想盆中了解魂器的历史。
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◎ 学生时期的汤姆·里德尔
学生时期的汤姆·里德尔只在第二部和第六部出场，一次作为魂器里的灵魂，一次作为冥想盆中的记忆。
We first encounter Tom Riddle himself in chapter 13. The two chapter titles are deliberate echoes of one another.
汤姆·里德尔在《密室》中第一次出现是在第13章《绝密日记/The Very Secret Diary》， 在《混血王子》中第一次出场是在第13章《神秘的里德尔/The Secret Riddle》，这两章的标题是特意相互呼应的。
汤姆·里德尔在《密室》中第二次出现是在第17章《斯莱特林的继承人》， 在《混血王子》中第二次出场是在第17章《混沌的记忆》，这两章也是特意相互呼应的。
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◎ 50年前的一本书
第2部，第13章：
哈利一眼就看出这是一本日记，封皮上已经褪色的日期表明它是五十年前的。
第6部，第16章：
哈利上床前从旅行箱里找出《高级魔药制作》翻了翻，终于在前面找到了出版时间。将近五十年了。
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◎ 日记 - 混血王子的课本
第6部，第9章：
“等等。”哈利左耳边上一个声音说道，他又闻到了他在斯拉格霍恩课堂里闻到的那种花香味儿。他扭头看见金妮也加入了他们的谈话。“我没有听错吧，哈利？你一直在按照别人写在一本书上的指令做事？”
她显得惊慌而气愤。哈利立刻猜到她脑子里在想什么了。
“这没什么，”他压低声音宽慰她道，“你知道，这不像里德尔的日记。那只是一本被人涂写过的旧课本。”
“可是你照那上面写的做了？”
“我只是试了试书上空白处写的几点小窍门，说实在的，金妮，没有什么蹊跷的——”
“金妮说得有道理，”赫敏一下子来了精神，说道，“我们应该检查一下它有没有什么不对劲儿。我是说，所有那些古怪的说明，谁知道是怎么回事？”
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◎ 16岁
第二部：汤姆16岁。
第六部：哈利16岁。

2 - 4 - 6 环形结构
◎ 桃金娘
A significant discovery takes place in a bathroom. Myrtle is present.
哭泣的桃金娘只在2、4、6部中直接出现过。

附录：
http://www.redhen-publications.com/2ndGuessing.html (2005-2010)
Chamber of Secrets – Half-Blood Prince Parallels: Joyce Odell, ‘Second Guessing’ (Red Hen Publications)
1. In both Book 2 and Book 6 it is beginning to look very much as if the whole central issue was precipitated by Lucius Malfoy’s foolish and self-serving decision to deploy the Riddle Diary, without permission.
2. A House Elf who despises his Master shows up and pitches a fit in #4 Privet Drive.
3. Harry is removed from Privet Drive in the middle of the night, to an unfamiliar destination. He ends up spending the rest of the summer with the Weasleys.
4. Harry meets this year’s new teacher before the school year starts. New teacher is determined to strike up an association with Harry.
5. New teacher is a celebrity hound with a flair for the dramatic, an ostentatious wardrobe, a weakness for boasting, and keeps drawing attention to Harry in his class throughout the year.
6. Hagrid meets Harry in Diagon Alley.
7. Malfoy is in Diagon Alley the same day as the trio, in company with one of his parents.
8. An altercation with the Malfoys occurs in a Diagon Alley shop. One of the Malfoys provokes it by making nasty, uncalled-for comments related to Hermione’s parentage. Ill-breeding is displayed by all parties in the confrontation.
9. We pay another visit to Borkin & Burke’s. The same black lacquer cabinet is a centerpiece. The same cursed opal necklace is again pointed out to our attention.
10. We spy on the Slytherins in their own territory. Malfoy drops heavy hints about helping the Dark Lord.
11. Harry is prevented from getting into Hogwarts on his own. This time we know Malfoy is responsible.
12. Harry arrives at Hogwarts late, and the first staff member to meet him is Snape, who is characteristically unpleasant.
13. One of the first new student characters we meet is a member of the “upper crust”, with comments regarding the new teacher.
14. Someone is presented with a used book, and develops an emotional attachment to the previous owner. (“A friend that I can carry in my pocket!”) Neither the book nor the previous owner are what anyone could call harmless.
15. The book dates from something in the neighborhood of 50 years ago. This is the aforementioned “ringer”. We are supposed to recognize the echo. But the book’s date doesn’t actually relate to anything actively deployed in the text and certainly does not relate to Riddle, or the Riddle era at Hogwarts. (Close, but no cigar!)
16. Someone spends the whole year pulling a Lockhart (taking credit for someone else’s work).
17. Hermione blatantly breaks rules to advance a personal agenda.
18. Hermione attracts the attention of the new teacher. She is very pleased to have it.
19. The new teacher sets up a club. Everyone in Gryffindor seems to be interested in it.
20. Much attention gets focused upon a complex Potion. This Potion is later used to aquire crucial information.
21. How many people remember that our very first introduction to how a Pensieve works was in CoS? Yes, that’s right. Riddle incorporated the function of a Pensieve into the Diary.
22. Harry accesses some valuable information through the unconscious use of Parseltongue.
23. Partway through the first term of the year we are introduced to a complete sad sack of a girl who is bullied, put-upon, and fundamental to the underlying problem du jure. This “born victim’s” own conduct is anything but exemplary.
24. A member of the Slytherin family is described as elderly and “monkey-like”. (His son spends his spare time in trees. Query: are we supposed to now be wondering whether “Slytherin” is some high-falutin attempt at a variant on “simian”? [“We are DEVO!”])
25. Mysterious attacks are made upon students. With more good luck than good management these attacks are non-fatal, but the victims spend a variously extended time out of commission. (The earlier the attack, the longer the time out of commission.)
26. Molly and Arthur Weasley rush to the school in response to an attack on one of their children.
27. We first encounter Tom Riddle himself in chapter 13. The two chapter titles are deliberate echoes of one another.
28. We spend quality time in Herbology wrangling with dangerous plants.
29. The newest teacher on Staff throws a Holiday party.
30. A correctly brewed Potion goes badly wrong, leading to long term adverse effects upon one of the trio.
31. Harry is injured at Quidditch and spends the night in the Hospital Wing. Dobby shows up in the night, unexpectedly.
32. Somewhere in the Castle there is a room that no one can find. Or, if find, open. In the climax of the story a monster gains access to the school through this uncharted space.
33. Polyjuice espionage with Crabbe and Goyle. ’Nuff said.
34. We finally aquire the key to the mystery du jure immediately following an encounter involving Aragog. This key leads us directly to information concerning pivotal actions of young Tom Riddle’s when he was still a student at the school.
35. A significant discovery takes place in a bathroom. Myrtle is present.
36. Harry and Draco get into a duel which is brought to a shattering end by one of them using a spell which originally came from Severus Snape. There are publicly unpleasant consequences from this conflict for Harry.
37. We first encountered the Vanishing Cabinet in CoS. Peeves broke it at that point, at Nearly Headless Nick’s urging, in order to keep Harry from getting a detention from Filch for tracking mud into the Castle. Someone had put it physically back together again, although it seems to have taken Malfoy some months to repair the spells on it.
38. Snape himself gets surprisingly little page time during most of the year. We see him at the beginning and the end of the book, but only get a glimpse or two in the middle, mostly through report.
39. He does contribute his efforts to at least one medical crisis, however.
40. Dumbledore leaves the school before the climax of the story, this absence is connected with the actions of one of the Malfoys. He returns only when the final confrontation is upon everyone.
41. Leading to a confrontation between the Malfoy involved and Albus.
42. The climax of the tale involves a visit to a grand, perilous, ancient chamber, underground, which cannot be accessed except by complying to specific conditions, and is associated with a Slytherin.
43. Someone significant to Harry nearly dies there. [In CoS, Harry was forced to kill something there.]
44. An artifact of some significance is brought out of this chamber. Upon examination, there turns out to be either something more, or something different to the artifact than was first assumed.
45. A decent person is discovered to have been acting under an enemy’s control over the past year.
46. A Malfoy’s close connection with the school is brought to an end.
47. Somebody gets thrown off a staircase.
48. The climax and/or its aftermath is accompanied by Phoenix Song.
49. The school Governors are invoked.
50. Exams are cancelled.

HP对称结构的文档好像是我2020.6.4开始写的，当时在其他地方发过，在这里也存一遍。